人体24小时运作时间表
Réntǐ 24 xiǎoshí yùnzuò shíjiān biǎo.
Human body's 24-hour operation schedule.
1:00深度睡眠，这时候人体对疼偏敏感
1:00 Shēndù shuìmián, zhè shíhòu réntǐ duì téng piān mǐngǎn.
1:00 Deep sleep, at this time the human body is sensitive to pain.
2:00器官大都休息，脾脏分解/排毒素
2:00 Qìguān dàdū xiūxí, pízàng fēnjiě/páidú sù.
2:00 Most organs rest, spleen decomposes/detoxifies.
3:00器官休息，肌肉放松，血压较低，呼吸平稳
3:00 Qìguān xiūxí, jīròu fàngsōng, xiěyā jiào dī, hūxī píngwěn.
3:00 Organs rest, muscles relax, blood pressure is low, breathing is steady.
4:00器官 节奏放慢，温度达到最低，血流变慢
4:00 Qìguān jiézòu fàng màn, wēndù dádào zuìdī, xuè liú biàn màn.
4:00 The organ slows down, the temperature reaches the lowest, the blood flow slows down.
5:00经历了3-4个睡眠周期，基本得到充分休息
5:00 Jīnglìle 3-4 gè shuìmián zhōuqí, jīběn dédào chōngfèn xiūxí.
5:00 experienced 3-4 sleep cycles, basically get enough rest.
6:00机体苏醒，肾上腺皮质激素分泌开始增加
6:00 Jītǐ sūxǐng, shènshàngxiàn pízhí jīsù fēnmì kāishǐ zēngjiā.
6:00 The body wakes up and the secretion of adrenal cortex hormones begins to increase.
7:00肾上腺皮质激素分泌达到顶峰， 免疫力最强
7:00 Shènshàngxiàn pízhí jīsù fēnmì dádào dǐngfēng, miǎnyì lì zuì qiáng.
7:00 The secretion of adrenal cortex hormones reaches its peak, and the immunity is strongest.
8:00全身体各激素分泌旺盛，记忆力最强
8:00 Quán shēntǐ gè jīsù fēnmì wàngshèng, jìyìlì zuì qiáng.
8:00 The hormone secretion in the whole body is strong, and the memory is the strongest.
9:00神经兴奋性最强，各系统处于活跃状态
9:00 Shénjīng xīngfèn xìng zuì qiáng, gè xìtǒng chǔyú huóyuè zhuàngtài.
9:00 Nerve excitability is strongest, all systems are active.
10:00精力充沛，创造力强，吸收营养物质的活跃阶段
10:00 Jīnglì chōngpèi, chuàngzào lì qiáng, xīshōu yíngyǎng wùzhí de huóyuè jiēduàn.
10:00 Energetic, creative, active stage of absorbing nutrients.
11:00 人体不易疲惫，心脏活动和心理状态积极
11:00 Réntǐ bùyì píbèi, xīnzàng huódòng hé xīnlǐ zhuàngtài jījí.
11:00 The human body is not easy to get tired, heart activity and mental state are active.
12:00人体精力都已被调动起来，但需要补充能量
12:00 Réntǐ jīnglì dōu yǐ bèi diàodòng qǐlái, dàn xūyào bǔchōng néngliàng.
12:00 The energy of the human body has been mobilized, but it needs to be supplemented with energy.
13:00第一个兴奋阶段过去，精神困乏，需要休息
13:00 Dì yī gè xīngfèn jiēduàn guòqù, jīngshén kùnfá, xūyào xiūxí.
13:00 The first stage of excitement is over, mentally tired and need to rest.
14:00第二个低潮期来临， 反应迟钝，办事效率低
14:00 Dì èr gè dīcháo qī láilín, fǎnyìng chídùn, bànshì xiàolǜ dī.
14:00 The second low tide is coming, slow response and low efficiency.
15:00身体技能重新改善，感觉器官特别敏感
15:00 Shēntǐ jìnéng chóngxīn gǎishàn, gǎnjué qìguān tèbié mǐngǎn.
15:00 Improved physical skills and sensory organs are particularly sensitive.
16:00全身体各激素分泌旺盛，记忆力最强
16:00 Quán shēntǐ gè jīsù fēnmì wàngshèng, jìyìlì zuì qiáng.
16:00 All hormones are secreted in the whole body, and the memory is the strongest.
17:00精力再度旺盛，嗅觉味觉听觉很灵敏
17:00 Jīnglì zàidù wàngshèng, xiùjué wèijué tīngjué hěn língmǐn.
17:00 Energetic again, very sensitive to smell, taste and hearing.
18:00体力，耐力和 体温达到一天中最高
18:00 Tǐlì, nàilì hé tǐwēn dádào yītiān zhōng zuìgāo.
18:00 physical strength, endurance and body temperature reach the highest of the day.
19:00血压上升且波动大，情绪容易不稳定
19:00 Xiěyā shàngshēng qiě bōdòng dà, qíngxù róngyì bù wěndìng.
19:00 Blood pressure rises and fluctuates greatly, and mood is easy to be unstable.
20:00身心状态很好，思维和反应都很敏捷
20:00 Shēnxīn zhuàngtài hěn hǎo, sīwéi hé fǎnyìng dōu hěn mǐnjié.
20:00 The physical and mental state is very good, thinking and reaction are very quick.
21:00一天中记忆里的最佳时间，学习效率最高
21:00 Yītiān zhōng jìyì lǐ de zuì jiā shíjiān, xuéxí xiàolǜ zuìgāo.
21:00 The best time in the memory of the day, the highest learning efficiency.
22:00 呼吸心跳减慢，体温和激素分泌水平开始下降
22:00 Hūxī xīntiào jiǎn màn, tǐwēn hé jīsù fēn bì shuǐpíng kāishǐ xiàjiàng.
22:00 Respiration and heartbeat slowed down, body temperature and hormone secretion levels began to drop.
23:00细胞修复开始工作，一天的疲劳在解除
23:00 Xìbāo xiūfù kāishǐ gōngzuò, yītiān de píláo zài jiěchú.
23:00 Cell repair starts to work, and the fatigue of the day is relieved.
24:00身体各器官开始休眠，身体需要休息啦
24:00 Shēntǐ gè qìguān kāishǐ xiūmián, shēntǐ xūyào xiūxí la.
24:00 The organs of the body start to sleep, the body needs to rest.
It’s well known that the body’s energy levels cycle on a 24-hour, or circadian, schedule, and that this metabolic process is fueled by oxygen. Now, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have found that a protein called Rev-erb coordinates the daily cycles of oxygen-carrying heme molecules to maintain the body’s correct metabolism.
Many studies, including this one, point to a link between the human internal clock and such metabolic disorders as obesity and diabetes. Proteins such as Rev-erb are the gears of the clock and understanding their role is important for fighting these diseases.
“This is the next chapter on Rev-erb, a member of a family of cell-nucleus proteins that includes receptors for anti-diabetic drugs,” explains senior author Mitchell A. Lazar, MD, PhD, Director of the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism at Penn. About two years ago Lazar’s group discovered that Rev-erb was a critical component of the circadian clock. In this paper, they found that the activity of Rev-erb is controlled by heme.
Heme represents the body's most important way of transporting and using oxygen, which would simply bubble away in the body without being bound to heme. “In a molecular baton hand-off, oxygen is transferred from heme in the bloodstream to the heme molecules found inside a cell,” says Lazar, of how oxygen reaches cells to run their metabolic needs. One of the most important roles of heme inside cells is to facilitate the use of oxygen to generate energy in the process known as cellular respiration.
The findings further tie together the 24-hour cycle of the body with metabolic function. “Circadian rhythms are our sleep-wake cycle and metabolism is how we process food, so it makes sense that there would be biological cross-talk between the body’s 24-hour rhythm and metabolic function,” says Lazar. Indeed, scientists already recognize that getting too much or too little sleep increases the risk of diabetes. The newly discovered circadian/metabolic link could be the focus of a new generation of diabetes treatments.
The Penn group worked with scientists at GlaxoSmithKline, who demonstrated that the Rev-erb protein can physically bind to heme in the test tube. The Penn scientists then found that heme, by regulating the activity of Rev-erb, reduces the amount of glucose produced by liver cells.
“What’s exciting about this is that it puts heme in a central role in the metabolic regulation of the cell,” says Lazar. “Not only is it a key component in making energy, but also in the pathway for turning off glucose production.” Excessive glucose production by the liver is a major cause of high blood sugar in diabetes.
The research appears online in Science Express in advance of print publication in Science.
This work was funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. Co-authors are first author Lei Yin, Joshua C. Curtin, Mohammed Qatananai, and Nava R. Szwergold, all from Penn and Robert A. Reid, Gregory M. Waitt, Derek J. Parks, Kenneth H. Pearce, and G. Bruce Wisely, from GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
全文 Quánwén
众所周知，身体的能量水平按 24 小时或昼夜节律循环，并且这种代谢过程由氧气提供燃料。Zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī, shēntǐ de néngliàng shuǐpíng àn 24 xiǎoshí huò zhòuyè jiélǜ xúnhuán, bìngqiě zhè zhǒng dàixiè guòchéng yóu yǎngqì tígōng ránliào. 现在，宾夕法尼亚大学医学院的研究人员发现，一种名为 Rev-erb 的蛋白质协调携氧血红素分子的日常循环，以维持身体的正常新陈代谢。 Xiànzài, bīnxīfǎníyǎ dàxué yīxué yuàn de yánjiū rényuán fāxiàn, yī zhǒng míng wèi Rev-erb de dànbáizhí xiétiáo xié yǎng xiěhóng sù fēnzǐ de rìcháng xúnhuán, yǐ wéichí shēntǐ de zhèngcháng xīnchéndàixiè.
许多研究，包括这项研究，都指出人体内部生物钟与肥胖和糖尿病等代谢紊乱之间存在联系。Xǔduō yánjiū, bāokuò zhè xiàng yánjiū, dōu zhǐchū réntǐnèibù shēngwùzhōng yǔ féipàng hé tángniàobìng děng dàixiè wěnluàn zhī jiān cúnzài liánxì. Rev-erb 等蛋白质是时钟的齿轮，了解它们的作用对于对抗这些疾病很重要。Rev-erb děng dànbáizhí shìshízhōng de chǐlún, liǎojiě tāmen de zuòyòng duìyú duìkàng zhèxiē jíbìng hěn zhòngyào.
“这是关于 Rev-erb 的下一章，它是包含抗糖尿病药物受体的细胞核蛋白家族的成员，”资深作者、糖尿病研究所所长 Mitchell A. Lazar 医学博士解释说， 宾夕法尼亚大学的肥胖和新陈代谢。“Zhè shì guānyú Rev-erb de xià yī zhāng, tā shì bāohán kàng tángniàobìng yàowù shòu tǐ de xìbāohé dànbái jiāzú de chéngyuán,” zīshēn zuòzhě, tángniàobìng yánjiū suǒ suǒ cháng Mitchell A. Lazar yīxué bóshì jiěshì shuō, bīnxīfǎníyǎ dàxué de féipàng héxīnchéndàixiè. 大约两年前，Lazar 的团队发现 Rev-erb 是生物钟的重要组成部分。Dàyuē liǎng nián qián,Lazar de tuánduì fāxiàn Rev-erb shì shēngwùzhōng de zhòngyào zǔchéng bùfèn. 在这篇论文中，他们发现 Rev-erb 的活性是由血红素控制的。Zài zhè piān lùnwén zhōng, tāmen fāxiàn Rev-erb de huóxìng shì yóu xiěhóng sù kòngzhì de.
血红素代表身体最重要的运输和利用氧气的方式，它会在体内冒泡而不会与血红素结合。Xiěhóng sù dàibiǎo shēntǐ zuì zhòngyào de yùnshū hé lìyòng yǎngqì de fāngshì, tā huì zài tǐ nèi mào pào ér bù huì yǔ xiěhóng sù jiéhé. “在分子接力棒交接中，氧气从血流中的血红素转移到细胞内发现的血红素分子，”拉扎尔在谈到氧气如何到达细胞以满足其代谢需求时说。“Zài fēnzǐ jiēlìbàng jiāojiē zhōng, yǎngqì cóng xuè liú zhōng de xiěhóng sù zhuǎnyí dào xìbāo nèi fāxiàn de xiěhóng sù fēnzǐ,” lā zhā ěr zài tán dào yǎngqì rúhé dàodá xìbāo yǐ mǎnzú qí dàixiè xūqiú shí shuō. 细胞内血红素最重要的作用之一是促进使用氧气在称为细胞呼吸的过程中产生能量。Xìbāo nèi xiěhóng sù zuì zhòngyào de zuòyòng zhī yī shì cùjìn shǐyòng yǎngqì zài chēng wèi xìbāo hūxī de guòchéng zhōng chǎnshēng néngliàng.
研究结果进一步将身体的 24 小时周期与代谢功能联系在一起。Yánjiū jiéguǒ jìnyībù jiāng shēntǐ de 24 xiǎoshí zhōuqí yǔ dàixiè gōngnéng liánxì zài yīqǐ. “昼夜节律是我们的睡眠-觉醒周期，新陈代谢是我们处理食物的方式，所以身体的 24 小时节律和代谢功能之间存在生物串扰是有道理的，”拉扎尔说。“Zhòuyè jiélǜ shì wǒmen de shuìmián-juéxǐng zhōuqí, xīnchéndàixiè shì wǒmen chǔlǐ shíwù de fāngshì, suǒyǐ shēntǐ de 24 xiǎoshí jiélǜ hé dàixiè gōngnéng zhī jiān cúnzài shēngwù chuànrǎo shì yǒu dàolǐ de,” lā zhā ěr shuō. 事实上，科学家们已经认识到，睡眠过多或过少都会增加患糖尿病的风险。Shì shí shàng, kēxuéjiāmen yǐjīng rènshí dào, shuìmiánguò duō huòguò shǎo dūhuì zēngjiā huàn tángniàobìng de fēngxiǎn. 新发现的昼夜节律/代谢联系可能成为新一代糖尿病治疗的重点。Xīn fāxiàn de zhòuyè jiélǜ/dàixiè liánxì kěnéng chéngwéi xīn yīdài tángniàobìng zhìliáo de zhòngdiǎn.
Penn 小组与葛兰素史克的科学家合作，他们证明了 Rev-erb 蛋白可以与试管中的血红素物理结合。Penn xiǎozǔ yǔ gé lán sùshǐ kè de kēxuéjiā hézuò, tāmen zhèngmíngliǎo Rev-erb dànbái kěyǐ yǔ shìguǎn zhōng de xiěhóng sù wùlǐ jiéhé. 宾夕法尼亚大学的科学家随后发现，血红素通过调节 Rev-erb 的活性，减少了肝细胞产生的葡萄糖量。Bīnxīfǎníyǎ dàxué de kēxuéjiā suíhòu fāxiàn, xiěhóng sù tōngguò tiáojié Rev-erb de huóxìng, jiǎnshǎole gān xìbāo chǎnshēng de pútáotáng liàng.
“令人兴奋的是，它使血红素在细胞代谢调节中发挥核心作用，”拉扎尔说。“Lìng rén xīngfèn de shì, tā shǐ xiěhóng sù zài xìbāo dàixiè tiáojié zhōng fāhuī hé xīn zuòyòng,” lā zhā ěr shuō. “它不仅是制造能量的关键组成部分，也是关闭葡萄糖生产的途径"。“Tā bùjǐn shì zhìzào néngliàng de guānjiàn zǔchéng bùfèn, yěshì guānbì pútáotáng shēngchǎn de tújìng.”
肝脏产生过多的葡萄糖是糖尿病患者高血糖的主要原因。Gānzàng chǎnshēngguò duō de pútáotáng shì tángniàobìng huànzhě gāo xiětáng de zhǔyào yuányīn.
该研究在《科学》印刷出版之前在线发表在《科学快报》上。Gāi yánjiū zài “kēxué” yìnshuā chūbǎn zhīqián zàixiàn fābiǎo zài “kēxué kuàibào” shàng.
这项工作由国家糖尿病、消化和肾脏疾病研究所资助。Zhè xiàng gōngzuò yóu guójiā tángniàobìng, xiāohuà hé shènzàng jíbìng yánjiū suǒ zīzhù. 共同作者是第一作者 Lei Yin、Joshua C. Curtin、Mohammed Qatananai 和 Nava R. Szwergold，他们都来自 Penn 和 Robert A. Reid、Gregory M. Waitt、Derek J. Parks、Kenneth H. Pearce 和 G. Bruce Wisely，来自北卡罗来纳州三角研究园葛兰素史克公司。Gòngtóng zuòzhě shì dì yī zuòzhě Lei Yin,Joshua C. Curtin,Mohammed Qatananai hé Nava R. Szwergold, tāmen dōu láizì Penn hé Robert A. Reid,Gregory M. Waitt,Derek J. Parks,Kenneth H. Pearce hé G. Bruce Wisely, láizì běi kǎluóláinà zhōu sānjiǎo yánjiū yuán gé lán sùshǐ kè gōngsī.
故事来源：Gùshì láiyuán:
材料由宾夕法尼亚大学医学院提供。Cáiliào yóu bīnxīfǎníyǎ dàxué yīxué yuàn tígōng.
No comments:
Post a Comment