Joint Cartilage and Bone Circulation

The anatomical parts that suffer the most when there is shortage of water the human body are those without a direct vascular circulation. The anatomical parts that depend for the supply of their needs on the seepage of tissue fluids through another organ suffer most. They will not receive what they need ; the mediating organ will trim its transit routes. The anatomical parts that are excellent examples of this thesis are the joint cartilage (see Fig 28 and Fig 29) and the intervertebral discs. I have explained the mechanisms involved in disc hydration. I will now try to explain the basic problem in the feeding of joint cartilage that is the root cause of damage in the rheumatoid joints and their pain signal, be they the finger joints, the knees joints, or the vertebral joints. 







Remember , there is no functioning "dead" part in the body that is nature-designed. All tissues of the human body, including bone, cartilage, and even the disc core are  composed of living cells that have to remain alive and be reproductive of daughter cells (except the brain cells that are not replaced before they die) for that particular organ to function. The dead  tissues (group of cells) is eaten away by the "garbage collectors" and new tissues replaces them. For the tissue to remain alive, the most simple and initial need is water itself, and then whatever food nutrients supply the water can bring with it. 


 Fig.28: The normal finger joint demonstrating the common arterial supply to the area. The artery to the capsule can dilate to bring increased blood circulation to the soft tissues of the joint. the artery that goes through the bone canal is restricted by the size of its passageway. 


 The bone connections of the fingers, hands, and most movement-supporting joints are separated by means of cartilage is connected are thin, whereas the wall of their shaft are made of solid and thicker tube-like bones. The artery of the bone goes through and divides in the canal systems in the thick section of the bone. 



The canals in the bone act as though they are straightjackets (see fig.28) that may not permit dilation of the vessels, even if the vessels themselves could dilate to increase the circulation to the area (the very mechanism that brings greater circulation to the capsule of the joint, whereas the artery that goes through the bone is severely restricted by the fixed size of its canal through the bone). Each bone of the skeleton has only one (very rarely two) artery to feed that bone. Inside the hollow spaces of these bones,  nature has housed the manufacturing system of the blood cells ー red cells as well as all the variations of white cells. Nature gives  priority to the development of these cells, which entirely depend on many different functions of water in particular. When there is dehydration, there will not be enough water to supply the end bone cartilage with its needs  ーFig.29; the blood manufacturing system exercises its priority by means of specially active cation pumps that force the water into the expanding blood cells, which must consist of at least 75 percent water. 




Fig.29

Fig. 29: The left side of the figure represents a normal flow of "water" and nutrient needs of the cartilage covering of the joint bones. The right side represents a decreased flow of "water" to the cartilage covering through the bone. The arterial supply to the capsule becomes increased, causing swelling and effusion into the joint. This route of supply of nutrients is not completely effective for the growing end of the cartilage covering the bones. Forced activity of the joint will damage the cartilage and leave the bone exposed and permanently damaged. 






A well-hydrated human body and normal direction of water flow to the joint cartilage:
• The artery to the capsule( normal size).

• The direction of the water flow to the cartilage in a well-hydrate body is towards the bone joint.

• Normal cartilage covering the bone heads of the joint.

• The artery to the capsule (normal size)

A dehydrated human body exposing reduced local flow of water through the bone marrow causing joint cartilage damage:
• Enlarged capsule artery.

• The inflamed and thickened joint cartilage.

• Flow of water and proteins to the joint through the capsule.

• Irregular head of bones after the loss of cartilage.

• Reduced rate of water flow through the bone marrow in a dehydrated body. 

Barefoot Walking Discover Your Springs

The calcaneus, or heel bone, is magnificently designed for standing and walking, helping us balance over any kind of terrain. When we walk barefoot and with proper form, we land very lightly on our forefoot, or may even roll off the heel. The twenty-eight (28) bones in each of our feet work in harmony with our muscles to absorb shock and bounce back, This giant "spring" is one of the greatest marvel of the human body.

  Landing hard on your heel, whether barefoot or shod, is harmful to the body, but a cushioned shoe gives you a false sense of security. Those cushy shoes lead your brain to the false conclusion that it's okay to land on your heel first ー you're protected. But that heel strike sends a shock wave straight through to your ankles, knees, hips, back, and neck. It's as if you're striking bone on bone, once the impact travels past the shoe, there's no stopping it. 

Bone Pain

While bone pain is most likely due to decreased bone density or an injury to your bone, it can also be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition. Bone pain or tenderness could be the result of infection, an interruption in the blood supply, or cancer. These conditions require immediate medical attention.

Bone density testing is used to assess the strength of the bones and the probability of fracture in persons at risk for osteoporosis. The test, referred to as bone densitometry or bone mineral density scan (BMD), is a simple, noninvasive procedure that takes just minutes.

Normal is a T-score of −1.0 or higher. Osteopenia is defined as between −1.0 and −2.5. Osteoporosis is defined as −2.5 or lower, meaning a bone density that is two and a half standard deviations below the mean of a 30-year-old man/woman.
A bone mineral density (BMD) test is can provide a snapshot of your bone health. The test can identify osteoporosis, determine your risk for fractures (broken bones), and measure your response to osteoporosis treatment.
Central DXA. National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) recommends a bone density test of the hip and spine using a central DEXA machine to diagnose osteoporosis. DEXA stands for Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. When testing can't be done on the hip and spine, NOF suggests a central DEXA test of the radius bone in the forearm. The most common and accurate way uses a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. DEXA uses low-dose x-rays. (You receive more radiation with a chest x-ray.)


The amount of radiation you're exposed to is very low, much less than the amount emitted during a chest X-ray. The test usually takes about 10 to 30 minutes. A small, portable machine can measure bone density in the bones at the far ends of your skeleton, such as those in your finger, wrist or heel.

In bone density tests, a t score compares bone mineral density to a reference mean.

Why am I getting bone pain?

Bone pain can occur with injuries or conditions such as: Cancer in the bones (primary malignancy) Cancer that has spread to the bones (metastatic malignancy) Disruption of blood supply (as in sickle cell anemia)

Why do the bones in my legs hurt?

Causes. Most leg pain results from wear and tear, overuse, or injuries in joints or bones or in muscles, ligaments, tendons or other soft tissues. Some types of leg pain can be traced to problems in your lower spine. Leg pain can also be caused by blood clots, varicose veins or poor circulation.

Do you have nerves in your bones?

Broken bones hurt, but there are actually no pain nerves inside your bones. ... Well, the hard, white covering of the bone, which is called the periosteum, is damaged when you break a bone. There are nerves and blood vessels inside the periosteum. They send the message to the brain, and then you feel pain.









In anatomy the endosteum (plural endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.

Periosteum consists of an outer fibrous connective tissue layer and an inner osteogenic layer. The fibrous layer is made of dense irregular connective tissue containing many strong collagen fibers and fibroblast cells.






Why do all of my joints hurt?

Pain is also a feature of joint inflammation (arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis) and infection, and extremely rarely it can be a cause of cancer of the joint. Pain within the joint is a common cause of shoulder pain, ankle pain, and knee pain. Joint pain is also referred to as arthralgia.

Why is my body so sore all the time?

Usually, the discomfort is most prominent in the muscles and joints. Aches and pains are common during viral infections, such as colds. Generalized aches and pains are one of the most common symptoms of influenza. Additional common causes for aches and pains include exercise, stress, depression, and drug side effects.

Why is body pain?

Often, people who experience muscle aches can easily pinpoint the cause. This is because most instances of myalgia result from too much stress, tension, or physical activity. Some common causes include: muscle tension in one or more areas of the body.

DVTs typically form in the lower leg after long periods of bed rest, causing swelling and cramping pain. Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints. ... Infection in the bone or tissues of the leg can cause swelling, redness, or pain in the affected area. Nerve damage in the leg may cause numbness, pain, or tingling.

Is there blood in your bones?

The inside of your bones are filled with a soft tissue called marrow. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red bone marrow is where all new red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are made.