Electromagnetic fields and public health

Exposure to extremely low frequency fields

Backgrounder
June 2007

The use of electricity has become an integral part of everyday life. Whenever electricity flows, both electric and magnetic fields exist close to the lines that carry electricity, and close to appliances. Since the late 1970s, questions have been raised whether exposure to these extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields (EMF) produces adverse health consequences. Since then, much research has been done, successfully resolving important issues and narrowing the focus of future research.

In 1996, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the International Electromagnetic Fields Project to investigate potential health risks associated with technologies emitting EMF. A WHO Task Group recently concluded a review of the health implications of ELF fields (WHO, 2007).

This Fact Sheet is based on the findings of that Task Group and updates recent reviews on the health effects of ELF EMF published in 2002 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), established under the auspices of WHO, and by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) in 2003.

ELF field sources and residential exposures
Electric and magnetic fields exist wherever electric current flows - in power lines and cables, residential wiring and electrical appliances. Electric fields arise from electric charges, are measured in volts per metre (V/m) and are shielded by common materials, such as wood and metal. Magnetic fields arise from the motion of electric charges (i.e. a current), are expressed in tesla (T), or more commonly in millitesla (mT) or microtesla (µT). In some countries another unit called the gauss, (G), is commonly used (10,000 G = 1 T). These fields are not shielded by most common materials, and pass easily through them. Both types of fields are strongest close to the source and diminish with distance.

Most electric power operates at a frequency of 50 or 60 cycles per second, or hertz (Hz). Close to certain appliances, the magnetic field values can be of the order of a few hundred microtesla. Underneath power lines, magnetic fields can be about 20 µT and electric fields can be several thousand volts per metre. However, average residential power-frequency magnetic fields in homes are much lower - about 0.07 µT in Europe and 0.11 µT in North America. Mean values of the electric field in the home are up to several tens of volts per metre.

Task group evaluation

In October 2005, WHO convened a Task Group of scientific experts to assess any risks to health that might exist from exposure to ELF electric and magnetic fields in the frequency range >0 to 100,000 Hz (100 kHz). While IARC examined the evidence regarding cancer in 2002, this Task Group reviewed evidence for a number of health effects, and updated the evidence regarding cancer. The conclusions and recommendations of the Task Group are presented in a WHO Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monograph (WHO, 2007).

Following a standard health risk assessment process, the Task Group concluded that there are no substantive health issues related to ELF electric fields at levels generally encountered by members of the public. Thus the remainder of this fact sheet addresses predominantly the effects of exposure to ELF magnetic fields.

Short-term effects

There are established biological effects from acute exposure at high levels (well above 100 µT) that are explained by recognized biophysical mechanisms. External ELF magnetic fields induce electric fields and currents in the body which, at very high field strengths, cause nerve and muscle stimulation and changes in nerve cell excitability in the central nervous system.

Potential long-term effects

Much of the scientific research examining long-term risks from ELF magnetic field exposure has focused on childhood leukaemia. In 2002, IARC published a monograph classifying ELF magnetic fields as "possibly carcinogenic to humans". This classification is used to denote an agent for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in experimental animals (other examples include coffee and welding fumes). This classification was based on pooled analyses of epidemiological studies demonstrating a consistent pattern of a two-fold increase in childhood leukaemia associated with average exposure to residential power-frequency magnetic field above 0.3 to 0.4 µT. The Task Group concluded that additional studies since then do not alter the status of this classification.

However, the epidemiological evidence is weakened by methodological problems, such as potential selection bias. In addition, there are no accepted biophysical mechanisms that would suggest that low-level exposures are involved in cancer development. Thus, if there were any effects from exposures to these low-level fields, it would have to be through a biological mechanism that is as yet unknown. Additionally, animal studies have been largely negative. Thus, on balance, the evidence related to childhood leukaemia is not strong enough to be considered causal.

Childhood leukaemia is a comparatively rare disease with a total annual number of new cases estimated to be 49,000 worldwide in 2000. Average magnetic field exposures above 0.3 μT in homes are rare: it is estimated that only between 1% and 4% of children live in such conditions. If the association between magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia is causal, the number of cases worldwide that might be attributable to magnetic field exposure is estimated to range from 100 to 2400 cases per year, based on values for the year 2000, representing 0.2 to 4.95% of the total incidence for that year. Thus, if ELF magnetic fields actually do increase the risk of the disease, when considered in a global context, the impact on public health of ELF EMF exposure would be limited.

A number of other adverse health effects have been studied for possible association with ELF magnetic field exposure. These include other childhood cancers, cancers in adults, depression, suicide, cardiovascular disorders, reproductive dysfunction, developmental disorders, immunological modifications, neurobehavioural effects and neurodegenerative disease. The WHO Task Group concluded that scientific evidence supporting an association between ELF magnetic field exposure and all of these health effects is much weaker than for childhood leukaemia. In some instances (i.e. for cardiovascular disease or breast cancer) the evidence suggests that these fields do not cause them.

International exposure guidelines

Health effects related to short-term, high-level exposure have been established and form the basis of two international exposure limit guidelines (ICNIRP, 1998; IEEE, 2002). At present, these bodies consider the scientific evidence related to possible health effects from long-term, low-level exposure to ELF fields insufficient to justify lowering these quantitative exposure limits.

WHO's guidance

For high-level short-term exposures to EMF, adverse health effects have been scientifically established (ICNIRP, 2003). International exposure guidelines designed to protect workers and the public from these effects should be adopted by policy makers. EMF protection programs should include exposure measurements from sources where exposures might be expected to exceed limit values.

Regarding long-term effects, given the weakness of the evidence for a link between exposure to ELF magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia, the benefits of exposure reduction on health are unclear. In view of this situation, the following recommendations are given:

~Government and industry should monitor science and promote research programmes to further reduce the uncertainty of the scientific evidence on the health effects of ELF field exposure. Through the ELF risk assessment process, gaps in knowledge have been identified and these form the basis of a new research agenda.

~Member States are encouraged to establish effective and open communication programmes with all stakeholders to enable informed decision-making. These may include improving coordination and consultation among industry, local government, and citizens in the planning process for ELF EMF-emitting facilities.

~When constructing new facilities and designing new equipment, including appliances, low-cost ways of reducing exposures may be explored. Appropriate exposure reduction measures will vary from one country to another. However, policies based on the adoption of arbitrary low exposure limits are not warranted.

Further reading

WHO - World Health Organization. Extremely low frequency fields. Environmental Health Criteria, Vol. 238. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Non-ionizing radiation, Part 1: Static and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields. Lyon, IARC, 2002 (Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 80).

ICNIRP - International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Exposure to static and low frequency electromagnetic fields, biological effects and health consequences (0-100 kHz). Bernhardt JH et al., eds. Oberschleissheim, International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection, 2003 (ICNIRP 13/2003).

ICNIRP – International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (1998). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Physics 74(4), 494-522.

IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 28. IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electromagnetic fields, 0-3 kHz. New York, NY, IEEE - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2002 (IEEE Std C95.6-2002).

TFT Algorithm for Jet Lag (Flight from East To West)

JET LAG ALGORITHM -- EAST TO WEST

1. Tune the Thought Field -- that is, intentionally think about the jet lag that produces such upset in your life. If you are performing this algorithm while in flight, and thus not yet experiencing jet lag symptoms, simply turn your attention to the rapid travel you're doing. 

2. Using the Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) scale, rate your distress level at this moment . On this scale, 10 is the worst you could possibly feel, and 1 indicates absolutely no trace of upset. Write down the SUD rating before you continue to the next step.

3.  Tap solidly five times under the arm, about four inches directly below the armpit, using rigid fingers. In men, this spot is under the arm about even with the nipple. Women can locate this spot by tapping at about the center of the bra under the arm.



4. Tap the "collarbone point." To locate it, take two fingers of either hand and run them down the center of the throat to the top of the center collarbone notch. This is approximately even with the spot where a man would knot his tie. From there, move straight down an additional inch. Then move to the right one inch. Tap this point five times. 

5. Take a second SUD rating and write it down. If the SUD has decreased 2 or more points (which will be the case for most people), then continue with step 6 below. If there was no change, however, or if the change in the SUD was only 1 point, perform the correction for a psychological reversal, using the technique described in this post (CLICK HERE). Then repeat steps 1 through 5.

6. Perform the nine-gamut treatments. Locate the gamut spot on the back of the hand, about an inch below the raised knuckles of the ring finger and little finger when making a fist. Begin tapping the gamut spot with two fingers of the opposite hand, about three to five times per second, and continue tapping while performing all nine steps below ( tap five or six times for each of the nine-gamut positions). It is very important to tap the gamut spot throughout all nine of these gamut treatments:

G1~ Open the eyes.

G2~ Close the eyes.

G3~ Open the eyes and point eyeball down and to the left.

G4~ Point the eyeballs down and to the right. 



G5~ Whirl the eyeballs around in a circle in one direction (clockwise).

G6~ Whirl the eyeballs around in the opposite direction (counter clockwise).

G7~ Hum a few bars of any tune aloud (more than a single note;
rest the eyes).

G8~ Count aloud from one to five.

G9~ Hum the tune again.

7. Tap under the arm five times again.

8. Tap the collarbone point five times again.

9. Take still another SUD rating and write it down. If it has declined to 1 (which will happen with most people), move to step 10 below. But if it has decreased significantly yet is still not a 1, perform the MINI PR correction as described below, and then repeat the treatment steps above.

10. To ensure that the improvements you've made are complete, perform the floor-to-ceiling eye roll (when the SUD is 2 or lower): Hold the head level and move your eyes down. Then begin tapping the gamut point as you move your eyes upward.

MINI PR

 A related procedure, called a mini psychological reversal correction, can be used when you decrease your SUD to a 3 or 4 but can't seem to get it any lower.  In other words, you've achieved substantial improvement, but you can't get to the finish line.  A block exists that is keeping you from reducing the SUD any further

In the algorithm for your particular emotional problem, you'll be instructed on whether and when to use this technique. here is the  procedure to follow:
~ Find the PR spot mentioned above,  located on the outside edge of the  hand, between the wrist and the  base of the little finger.

 ~ Tap about fifteen (15) times with two fingers of the opposite hand.
 
   Image for tapping PR spot
As long as a psychological reversal persists, TFT ( or any other treatment) won't be able to get the SUD to a 1.  The PR or mini PR correction will open the door that allows TFT to eradicate your problem.

JET LAG

Whether YOU'RE TRAVELING ACROSS TIME ZONES FOR BUSINESS OR VACATION, jet lag can leave you feeling fatigued and run-down. when your biological clock is disrupted, friends might suggest all kinds of stopgap measures to ease the symptoms, ranging from changes in diet to shifting your sleep/ wake cycle several days before departure. But rarely do these eliminate the problem.

  Most experts believe that jet lag is caused by changes in the traveler's eating and sleeping schedules. I can confirm the difficulty I once had constantly changing eating and sleeping patterns when I was a student and also worked on the graveyard shift at an automobile plant in Detroit. But I think there's more to jet lag than radical disruptions of the circadian rhythms. The earth's electro-magnetic environment affects all living things, and I believe that the primary cause of jet lag is the rapid crossing of the north-south electromagnetic lines of force surrounding the earth as we travel in an easterly or westerly direction.

  Traveling in an eastward direction had always been particularly difficult for me ( others find westward travel more difficulty). In the past, I would need several days --- sometimes as much as a full week --- of adjustment when jetting to Europe, no matter what strategies I tried. But since I've been using the Thought Field Therapy algorithm above, I have been able to eliminate all traces of jet lag in minutes. As you'll see, there are separate algorithms for traveling from west to east, and from east to west.

  Four important points: TAKE NOTE:

1. PERFORM THE ALGORITHM EVERY WAKING HOUR DURING YOUR FLIGHT. IF YOU PLAN TO NAP ON THE PLANE, do the treatment before going to sleep and after awakening. if you've slept during most or all of the flight, perform the algorithm after your arrival to minimize jet lag ; you can also repeat the "recipe" again and again at your destination if you should ever feel symptoms.

2. If you're performing the algorithm on the flight itself, you won't be feeling any symptoms of jet lag yet, so you won't be able to determine an SUD rating at that time. However, when you're using the algorithms at your destination , and you're feeling symptoms associated with the travel, then you can arrive at SUD ratings during the algorithms to evaluate how well the treatments are working.

3. Although the algorithms are effective for the vast majority of people, if they don't work for you, reverse them -- that is, perform the east to west algorithm when traveling west to east, and vice versa.

4. If you're particular susceptible to jet lag problems, avoid consuming alcohol during the flight. Airline cabins are pressurized at an altitude comparable to about 8,000 feet, which can complicate adaptation problems for some people who drink alcoholic products. 

(TFT) Glossary

Callahan Techniques® Thought Field Therapy®
(TFT) Glossary © 1996, 1997, 2003, 2006, 2009
 Roger J. Callahan, Ph.D.

ADDICTION
An addict does the same thing that most modern 
psychiatrists recommend—“when anxious, take a 
tranquilizer.” The typical addict chooses from a 
far wider variety of tranquilizers than the 
psychiatrist. Addictions are very powerful 
(compulsive) urges or overwhelming desires to 
consume some substance (heroin, nicotine,
sweets, cocaine, tranquilizers, etc.) or engage in 
some activity (nail biting, hair pulling, counting, 
hand washing, etc.). The substance or the activity 
is in some degree (mild to severe) harmful for the 
individual and his well-being.

ADDICTIVE URGE
The immediate desire, urge, or compulsion to 
engage in consuming an addictive substance or 
engage in an addictive behaviour. It is powered 
by a growing intensity in anxiety and the 
consequent need for a tranquilizer. It is 
Dr. Callahan’s TFT theoretical position that all 
tranquilizers merely mask anxiety; they do not
eliminate the cause. An effective masking 
tranquilizer becomes addictive.

ADDICTIVE URGE TREATMENT
The Thought Field Therapy® procedure for 
reducing intense anxiety and thereby reducing or 
eliminating cravings and the withdrawal 
symptoms associated with addiction.

ALGORITHM
The general definition of an algorithm is “A 
sequence of instructions to be followed with the 
intention of finding a solution to a problem. Each 
step must specify precisely what action is to be 
taken, and although there may be many alternate 
routes through the algorithm, there is only one 
start point and one end point” (Youngson, R. M., 
1994; The Guinness Encyclopaedia of Science, 
Guinness, Middlesex. England, p. 232). The 
starting point in TFT usually is a high SUD 
(Subjective Unit of Distress) 8-10, and the end 
point, hopefully, is a 0. In TFT, an algorithm is a 
recipe or formula for treatment of a particular 
problem, discovered by TFT diagnosis, that has 
been tested on many people and found to have a 
high success rate. An algorithm permits an 
untrained person to enter the domain of TFT 
treatment success without needing to learn the 
more complex diagnostic procedures that permit 
a higher success rate.

ANECDOTE
 A disparaging term used against reports of therapy success, even therapy success that is witnessed by many
professionals. This term is used in contrast to anecdotes of “controlled research,” which consists of stories
told of “research” carried out in secret that the readers fervently hope is honest and reliable. [Alas, it has
been established that scientific research may be fraudulent.] If the research does not support the favored
idea, perhaps the researchers have not been sufficiently trained or did not carry out the proper protocol. [See
The Wall Street Journal, 4-25-96, page 1. Bitter Pill is the headline.] The makers of a popular drug found
that a study they financed did not report the findings they wanted to have. [The study showed that cheaper
versions of the drug had as much effectiveness as the more expensive drug.] Although the research passed
peer review, it was withdrawn. This reminds me of the very controlled drug study, the first double-blind 
study ever done on psychotropic meds, in which I (Dr. Callahan) was one of the authors and researchers,
where much to our surprise, we found no support for the drug. Although the study was reported in an American
Medical Association journal, the company gave us no more money. Some researchers quickly learn what
response receives the reward.

ANXIETY
 A type of vague, intense fear that is pervasive, non-focused, and extremely unpleasant.

ANTICIPATORY ANXIETY
There is no special character to “anticipatory anxiety.” It is identical to tuning into a perturbed thought field
(see below). It may be called “anticipatory” when the tuning takes place immediately prior to engaging in a
feared situation.

APEX PROBLEM
The apex problem is when a treated client accurately reports that the problem is gone but is unable to see
that the therapy did the job. It is a robust tendency—it could be called a compulsion—for treated clients
or even scientific observers of therapy to give “explanations” of the treatments that careful thought reveals
to be totally inappropriate and irrelevant. The common “explanations” are “distraction,” “hypnosis,” “exposure,”
or “placebo.” Many therapists who observe TFT will say that the treatment works by suggestion,
placebo, or hypnosis, even though there is no basis in reality for such a claim. Typically, professional observers
of the phenomenal demonstrated results of TFT will not ask but rather will compulsively tell the
therapist their (usually totally irrelevant) version of what took place. A good example was a host of a radio
show that had a riverboat theme. He called himself “Captain Andy.” He asked me to demonstrate my treatment
with his teenage daughter who had been quite bothered about something for some years, which we did
not go into. I guided her through some treatments and took her from a SUD level of 10 to a 1. She was, quite
naturally, pleased by this result. Captain Andy then accused her of lying. Many TFT-trained therapists record
therapy sessions because some clients “forget” that they had a problem after the rapid successful therapy.
We call this phenomenon the “apex problem” since the mind is not operating at the apex or top level. When
confronted with something as strange and revolutionary as TFT, the mind has trouble shifting out of the
inertia gear. Mental work at the apex of the mind is required to grasp and understand these new treatments.
Most of us attempt to avoid such work and mistakenly attempt to fit our observation into something we
believe we understand. As mentioned, many therapists who witness dramatic, rapid changes appear to be
compelled to give an “explanation.” It is the rare and, we must add, wise therapist who asks, “Why?” The
identification of the apex problem has scientific utility in that it refines prediction, i.e., we predict that the
client will report improvement, and we further predict that the client is not likely to credit the therapy for the
improvement. The apex problem is a form of cognitive dissonance, or “left-brain interpreter,” which is common
in split-brain research.

AMYGDALA
 An almond-shaped portion of the brain that is receiving much attention from some of the most accomplished
researchers in psychology. They believe that this portion of the brain will ultimately be shown to be
the basis for controlling anxiety and other problems (LeDoux). There is no current support for this promise
of ultimate control, and there is not likely to be any since, like the chemical theory, the researchers, we
believe, are looking in the wrong place. The meridian system can be readily shown to be the fundamental
control system for the negative emotions.

ATAVISM
 A term in biology that refers to a throwback to an earlier ancestral form, e.g., a human baby born with a
tail or extra nipples. In TFT, the term refers to the return of a psychological problem, within the individual’s
lifetime, that has been eliminated by therapy or has been subsumed naturally because the person has matured
(see NEOTENY). Biological atavisms have been shown to occur under toxic influence, radiation,
anaesthesia, etc. In a similar fashion, we find that toxins can generate the return of a problem that has either
been successfully treated or eliminated through maturation. An example of the latter is a person who,
through normal development, outgrew the fear of heights, which is universal in crawling infants (indeed, is
universal in all land-based chordates), but the fear suddenly returns at some later point in life. This is analogous
to a successful treatment that is undone.

CAUSALITY
“The most practical and the only foolproof method of scientifically testing a causal connection between A
and B is ‘wiggling’ one of them and watching the response of the other. We are not interested here in what
might be called ‘historical causality’ (establishing a causal connection in a single chain of events) but in
‘scientific causality’ (establishing such a connection in repeatable events). . . . It is the external control of A
together with the correlation with B that establishes, in a good Humean sense, the causal connection between
them, as well as the fact that A is the cause and B, the effect.”
Newton, R. (1970). Particles that travel faster than light? Science, 167(3925), 1569-74.
This principle illustrates the fundamental TFT finding of the isomorphic and causal relationship between the
perturbations in the thought field and their bodily counterparts as revealed by TFT diagnosis and the powerful,
and almost always immediate treatment results that are achieved when proper TFT tapping is done.

CHEMICAL THEORY
The theory that holds that chemical changes in the brain and body are the basic or fundamental causes of
disturbed emotions. Although there are certainly chemical hormonal facts concurrent with negative emotions,
I propose that the chemistry is secondary or tertiary to the more fundamental perturbations or healing
data (see below). The positive treatment effects in TFT are too rapid to be fundamentally chemical.

COMPULSION
 A powerful urge or desire that is extremely 
difficult or impossible to resist.

CONCATENATION
 To link together in a link or chain. Codes or 
healing data for subsumption or elimination of 
perturbations are concatenated (determined) by 
diagnosis. This is a big word that accurately 
describes what is done in TFT causal diagnosis.

CONTROL SYSTEM
 A small system that governs or controls a larger 
system. The control systems on an automobile 
consist, for example, of the accelerator, the 
steering wheel, the gears, and the brake. The 
control system for the negative emotions and 
much healing resides in the body’s little known 
but demonstrably palpable and real energy or
meridian system.

CURE
 The eradication or significant reduction of a 
problem. A complete cure means that no 
symptoms or aspects of the problem remain after 
treatment. After a cure, it is relevant to track for 
endurance. If there is no toxic exposure or other 
extreme stress, the cure will likely endure. A 
very important discovery of mine is that a cure 
can be undone by a toxin or Individual Energy 
Toxin, IET, to be more specific.

DIAGNOSIS
 The art of discovering the fundamental causal 
conditions responsible for a problem. 
Conventional psychological diagnosis is 
typically nosological*, directed toward 
classifying a person according to symptoms with
little or no direct implication for treatment. 
Diagnosis in TFT is directed toward identifying 
the specific causes of the problem for the purpose 
of treatment (p’s—see perturbations below). 
TFT diagnosis does not consist of bestowing 
descriptive terms but rather is a dynamic 
revelation of causal constituents. Diagnosis may 
be considered to be a translation of the encoded 
language of the negative emotions and healing 
(information) into a form that can be addressed 
in treatment. (See Language Of Negative 
Emotions below.) [*Nosology (from Ancient 
Greek νόσος (nosos), meaning 'disease', and 
-λογία (-logia), meaning 'study of-') is a branch 
of medicine that deals with classification of diseases.]

ENERGY SYSTEM
 A palpable, tangible series of electric or electro-
magnetic circuitry or meridians throughout the 
whole body that acts as a transport system for 
information, the governing force in healing and 
growth. These electric systems have been 
scientifically established at various research 
centers. The energy or meridian system acts as a 
control system for healing by hypothesis. The 
reality and powerful relevance of these systems 
becomes apparent with TFT.

FEAR
 A highly focused unpleasant emotion that 
provokes avoidance. It is a natural capacity of 
higher chordates that helps protect the individual 
by influencing the avoidance of danger (see 
Anxiety and Phobia).

FIELD
The (regular) dictionary defines field as “a 
complex of forces that serve as causative agents 
in human behaviour.” More generally, a field is 
an invisible non-material structure in space that 
has an effect upon matter. “Field” was introduced 
to science by Michael Faraday, the brilliant self-
educated genius of science. Einstein gave credit 
to Faraday in his Nobel acceptance speech. He 
stated that if Faraday had gone to college, he
probably never would have been able to invent 
the revolutionary concept of field, which is 
fundamental to Einstein’s and (also) Maxwell’s 
work in physics. For example, the gravity field is 
seen to cause the ocean to curve around the 
gravity-curved earth. In the psychological realm, 
the thought field is considered to be more like an 
electromagnetic pattern on video or recording 
tape, i.e., it is neither chemical nor cognitive in 
its basic constituency. Today, many scientists 
consider that everything is composed of fields. 
“The visible world is neither matter nor spirit but 
the invisible organization of energy” (Heinz 
Pagels, physicist). The term, “morphic field,” 
was introduced into biology to explain the shape 
and form of living things by Alexander 
Gurwitsch (Russia) in 1922 and independently in 
1925 by Paul Weiss (Vienna). In the 1950’s, 
Waddington in England added the concept of the 
“chreode” (necessary path) to the biological field
, which incorporated time in embryological 
development. Rupert Sheldrake introduced the 
concept of morphic resonance between similar 
fields, which can account for how instinctual 
information is transmitted. Such information 
cannot be contained in the DNA but can only be 
learned in interaction with the environment. In 
1991, I introduced the concept of perturbation 
(see below) to account for the fundamental 
causal aspect of negative emotions.

GAMUT SPOT
A commonly used treatment spot in TFT that is 
located on the back of either hand in the 
indentation between the bones of the ring finger 
and the tiny finger.


GAMUT TREATMENTS
 A series of nine treatments that are done while 
tapping the gamut spot on the back of the hand. 
This series of treatments, which is useful to see 
as a unit, is used for treating most problems. The 
nine treatments were originally conceived 
separately and later added into a new unit now 
known as the “nine gamut treatments.”

HABIT
 An automatic behavioural routine carried out 
without conscious awareness. Habits allow us to 
focus our attention on other issues. Sometimes, 
they are confused with addictions. They can be 
distinguished from addictions because they are 
relatively easy to change if a person focuses 
conscious attention on the issue. Addictions are 
difficult to change, and habits are easier to 
change; however, habits require continuing 
conscious attention over a period of time in order 
to be modified.

HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV)
HRV is a very important medical test that 
measures the variation of intervals between heart 
beats and yields information that gives an index 
of the person’s general health or risk of mortality. 
It is the best predictor of death there is. For 
example, a big problem is the death of seemingly 
healthy people who suddenly dropdead with no warning. In a special study carried out in the famous Framingham collection of studies, the
researchers found that HRV was the only test that could predict those who succumb to sudden death with no
other warning. It measures the variation of the intervals between heartbeats in milliseconds and gives a score
called SDNN. SDNN means standard deviation in the intervals from normal to normal, meaning that the
program omits very atypical beats from the computation. HRV was discovered about 40 years ago at Yale
University Hospital by a Dr. Hon in the maternity ward. Dr. Hon discovered, much to the surprise of cardiologists,
that if the variation of intervals between heartbeats became less and less, it was a sign that the baby
may be born dead. When doctors checked on HRV in geriatric wards, they found the same result. When the
variation of intervals between heartbeats in older people became more and more even, this was also a sign of
danger. I believe that HRV is the very best measure of health that we have, and it is known as a means of assessing
the degree of success of different therapeutic interventions. The results with TFT in improving HRV
are unprecedented. Nothing else, so far, shows a more immediate and significant impact on HRV than TFT.

HOLON
 Holon refers to an architectural feature of TFT that refers to the structure of the therapy sequence: majors -
9 gamut - majors. Most problems require but one holon; however, some complex problems may require 40
or more holons before relief is experienced. Each holon is like a 9 Gamut sandwhich and defines a holon.

HOW LONG WILL THE TREATMENT LAST?
This is a relevant question that can only be answered with the passage of time for an individual. Interestingly
enough, prior to doing TFT, no one ever asked me how long a treatment would last, since not much was
taking place in the treatments—in other words, there was nothing to last. The question, whether intended
or not, is always an implied compliment, since it acknowledges by implication that something significant
happened. Orville Wright’s first controlled flight in an aircraft lasted but 12 seconds and travelled but 40 
yards, but it was the start of a radical revolution in transportation. Interestingly, a week before the brothers
developed a control device, Orville had a terrible crash, and in despair, echoing his many critics, cried out in
deep frustration, “Man will never fly in a thousand years!” This shows the natural tendency for discouragement,
which the brothers overcame. In order to make important discoveries, people must break through the
obstacle of discouragement, as did the Wright brothers. For a therapist who is trained in TFT, the undoing of
a cure is not a tragedy but is an opportunity to discover the cause of why the cure has been undone. Through
diagnosis, the toxin can be discovered, treated, and avoided until the cure is stabilized for over two months.

IET (Individual Energy Toxin)
IET’s are distinguished from the more general toxins such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic by the
fact that they represent an individual’s sensitivity to certain common substances, such as wheat, milk, eggs,
perfume, laundry detergent, etc. It can be demonstrated that such substances affect the energy system first.
IET’s can be treated (usually not cured) by treating the individual. This appears to temporarily boost the
bodies ability to handle the toxin. See Seven Second Treatment and the Seven Second Plus treatments.

INERTIAL DELAY
This term refers to an unusual situation in TFT treatment where the client shows no further perturbations in
diagnosis, and yet the problem or some degree of the problem remains. After the passage of time, varying
from minutes to hours, the client then reports that the problem is gone. Toxins can cause inertial delay. It can
also occur when we are treating the person for pain, or physical problems as more time can be required for
the treatment to go through the body’s mass. Since we expect a problem to be gone almost instantly in TFT,
we take special notice of delays. It is audacious that we expect problems to be completely gone so quickly,
but that is our common experience.

INSTINCT
 Sometimes called “knowledge at a distance.” The distance is usually expressed in time. Instinct is the only
way to account for the complex navigational skills used by butterflies, salmon, and birds. Instinct is a set of
complex behaviours that have not been learned by the individual but which obviously required learning in
interaction with the environment by living creatures over a period of millions of years. I have evidence to
believe that the DNA does not carry this kind of complex information (see Stop the Nightmares of Trauma).
The theory of morphic resonance of Rupert Sheldrake offers the most likely explanation of the transmission
of information over great distances of time and space.

ISOMORPHISM
Isomorphism is defined in dictionaries (math) as a one-to-one relation onto the map between two sets,
which preserves the relations existing between elements in its domain; something identical with or similar
to something else in form or structure. This term in TFT clearly summarizes and expresses the basic finding
that there is a strong one-to-one relationship between the perturbations (which are diagnosed or assumed to
exist) in the thought field and specific meridian points on the body. A “wiggling” or tapping of the appropriate
meridian point or points (in proper order) will result in an immediate reduction or elimination of the
disturbing emotion. It is from this strong relationship that we derive our causal notions.

LANGUAGE OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
The causal aspect of the negative emotions exists in encoded form. This refers to the particular perturbations 
(p’s), in their specific discrete order, which generate negative emotions. The requirement for specific order
is similar to a combination lock; if the wrong order is offered, it doesn’t work. P’s are often contained in
certain common orders for specific problems, which makes it possible to determine algorithms or common
recipes for many psychological problems. Each negative emotion exists in encoded form, which accurate
TFT causal diagnosis reveals. Another language appearing in nature is that of DNA, which determines the
structure of proteins.

LEVELS OF TFT PROFICIENCY
The lowest level is the algorithm level, which is quite simple and can be learned by reading and studying
Tapping the Healer Within (Callahan & Trubo, 2001). It is also beneficial to take an approved algorithm
training seminar by a certified TFT instructor. We also recommend that anyone who works with people
study the Introduction to TFT DVD, which is available at www.tftrx.com. The next higher level is what we
call the diagnostic level where the individual is trained in the more complex TFT diagnostic procedures and
becomes certified after completion of diagnostic training. At this level, the practitioner learns to diagnose
and treat problems with greater success, and to address a much greater number of problems in the office than
can be done with the algorithm level. Training at the diagnostic level is done through a combination of DVD
and CD instruction, writings, and hands-on live instruction and supervision. The certified diagnostic level
practitioner also gains a much higher degree of understanding of theory and is empowered to causally diagnose
and treat most psychological problems with a high degree of success. Practitioners desiring to become
algorithm trainers need to devote six months to learning TFT. They also receive six months of VT support
in working with difficult cases. The highest level is Voice Technology, which requires training beyond the
diagnostic level. This level is a significant advance above the previous two levels. The Voice Technology
training is now accomplished in a three day live course and is open only to those who are certified at the
diagnostic level. Voice Technology has the highest precision and success rate and allows one to treat effectively
by telephone, which opens up world-wide potential markets for practice and consultations. As in all
professions, those who practice the treatments gain the highest degree of competence.

MAGNETITE
Joseph L. Kirschvink, Professor of Geobiology at Caltech, surprisingly discovered the presence of magnetite
throughout the human brain. Magnetite is an oxide of iron, and, like iron, it responds to a magnet. On
November 5, 1992, Joanne and I saw him demonstrate this startling fact in a lecture. A magnet brought near
brain samples under the microscope clearly showed the particles of magnetite. Keeping in mind that nature
is rarely frivolous, one wonders: what is magnetite doing in the human brain? Could it be there to be responsive
to electromagnetic fields? We don’t know, but it is an interesting, little known, and surprising indisputable
fact.

MAJORS
 A term that refers to the tapping sequences that use standard meridian points such as under the eye, under
the arm, beginning of eyebrow, etc. The term, “majors,” distinguishes this aspect of the protocol from the 9
gamut, floor to ceiling eye roll, and the psychological reversal treatments. The major tapping points occur
before and are typically repeated after the 9 gamut procedure.

NEOTENY
A problem or condition due to immaturity or the lack of full development. For example, all infants (and all
land-based chordates) are born with an instinctive fear of heights, which ripens when the neonate begins to 
crawl or move under its own power. The fear (acrophobia) is usually outgrown with normal development.
A person who has been afraid of heights since childhood is considered “neotenous.” A fear of heights that
suddenly develops (returns) in adulthood would be considered atavistic (see definition above). I believe that
such an atavistic phobia is very similar in principle to a person who has a phobia cured, but sometime later,
it returns. The cause in all instances, I believe, is the presence of what I call an IET, or “toxin.”

PERTURBATION (P) 
 A perturbation (p) is an entity in the thought 
field. The p is viewed as the fundamental and 
basic cause of all negative emotions. A 
perturbation is the unit of fundamental causation 
of a negative emotion and correlates in a 
spectacular isomorphic* relationship with 
specific alarm and treatment points on the body. 
[*Isomorphic, is an adjective; corresponding or 
similar in form and relations; having the same 
crystalline form.] Successful therapy subsumes 
or reduces the impact of p’s in the thought field 
(see below). A p is a subtle, but clearly isolable 
aspect of a thought field that is responsible for 
triggering all negative emotions. Without a P, no 
negative emotion is present. The p is the 
generating structure that determines the 
chemical, hormonal, nervous system, cognitive, 
and brain activity commonly associated with, 
and an intrinsic and necessary part (but not the 
fundamental cause), of the negative emotions. 
The perturbation contains the active information
(see Bohm and Hiley, 1993), which triggers 
negative emotions. Bohm and Hiley described 
their pivotal concept in quantum physics: “We 
have . . . introduced a concept that is new in the 
context of physics—a concept that we shall call 
active information. The basic idea of active 
information is that a form having very little 
energy enters into and directs a much greater 
energy. The activity of the latter is in this way 
given a form similar to that of the smaller 
energy” (Bohm & Hiley, p. 35). The process 
described here for quantum theory appears to fit 
the notions of numerous investigators in the bio-
energy realm as the process by which biological 
control systems operate. One may understand the 
relevance of the TFT usage of “active 
information,” in that the micro-state of the 
perturbations generate the macro state results of 
the person feeling depressed, angry, anxious, etc. 
Successful psychotherapy is the transformation 
(or subsumption) of this active informational microstate (perturbation), which results in the commonly observed and successfully predicted
elimination of the negative emotions in TFT. A perturbation (p) is the fundamental and easily modifiable
trigger containing specific active information that sets off and guides and controls the physiological, neurological,
hormonal, chemical, and cognitive events, which result in the experience of specific negative emotions.

The need for, and the evidence supporting the concept of perturbation is demonstrated, e.g., in my television
treatment of a woman in Baltimore who was terrified of driving on freeways and over bridges. Every person
who is treated will demonstrate this, but the TV demo dramatically reveals the process and can be seen
by everyone. First, she is calm and speaking to me in a highly relaxed manner that is appropriate for a mild
social encounter in the comfort of her own home. She shows no signs of anxiety; however, in preparation for
my treatment, I ask her to think about the driving situation. Immediately, she is intensely anxious and breaks
down with tears and is obviously upset. Next, you see her driving a car on a freeway with no trace of fear.
She then goes over a bridge with no problem. What happened? In order to answer this question seriously
and with depth, one needs to understand the concept of a perturbation. It obviously exists in the thought
field. Why is this obvious? Before tuning the problematic thought field, she had no anxiety. As soon as she
thought of driving, the perturbation generated the extreme fear. Obviously, the perturbation is not present
when she is actually driving. I saw the evidence of the collapse of the perturbation as I treated her. In a few
minutes, she could not get upset when she thought about the problem. This meant that since she got very
upset prior to this that the perturbation was completely subsumed. The acid test occurred as she was actually
driving with no trace of fear. This is a fairly representative case.
I knew for years that there was an entity in the thought field that caused emotional upset, and that this entity
could be completely collapsed with our typical powerful treatment. For years, I did not name this entity.
One day, it hit me all of a sudden that the name “perturbation” might be appropriate as a designation of 
this causal entity. I immediately got out my (regular) dictionary, and the last definition thrilled me. It said,
“Perturbation is a cause of mental disquietude.” I jumped for joy because that is exactly what I was looking
for. I changed the “a” to THE cause of mental disquietude. Some assume that emotional and other problems
are caused by blockages in meridians. Psychological reversal can cause a blockage; however, a perturbation
is not some random disturbance in a meridian. Instead, it is a highly specific bundle of critical information,
healing data, that has the marvellous capacity to control all of the chemical, hormonal, and neurological
phenomena that we see and know take place in anxiety, depression, and other disturbing emotions and the
healing process. The term, “isolable,” refers to the amazing fact of nature that the problem is gone without
disturbing or removing necessary information from the thought field.

PHOBIA
A persistent fear of a harmless object or situation. Most people with phobias are very much aware of the
irrationality of the fear, which only adds to their difficulty. The knowledge that the fear makes no sense does
not reduce the fear but merely adds embarrassment to the bad feeling. The commonly held idea that the
problem is due to a lack of courage is without foundation and shows a fundamental lack of understanding.

PSYCHOLOGICAL REVERSAL (PR)
A state or condition that blocks natural healing and prevents otherwise effective treatments from working.
Evidence for the state of PR is revealed when an otherwise effective treatment does nothing. Then, after
the PR has been corrected, the same treatment, which did nothing the moment before, suddenly works. A
person may be fine in most domains of life and be psychologically reversed in just one or a selected few.
The PR state is usually accompanied by negative attitudes and self-sabotaging behaviour. A most interesting
symptom of PR is that concepts are reversed 180 degrees. In other words, people who are reversed will
say “South” when they mean “North,” but they will not say “East” or “West” when they mean “North.” The
implication of this reversal of concepts is quite profound and is in need of investigation. It seems to relate to
a fundamental aspect of direction (chirality, polarized light, etc.) in elemental reality. A similar and related
symptom of PR is getting numbers or letters out of order. A special proof reader’s mark exists for this type
of error, which illustrates how common it is. The upside down and backward writing of dyslexic people is
due to the PR. PR in most of us is a temporary condition. When we are PR and reverse concepts, letters, and
numbers, PR may be viewed as a kind of temporary “dyslexia.” A research study (Blaich, 1988) showed
that of a number of rather complicated and specialized treatments designed to improve human performance,
including my treatment for PR (tapping the side of the hand), the rapid (10 seconds) and simple treatment
for PR was by far the most effective, producing a 45% increase in reading comprehension. Today, the PR
treatments are routinely used in many elementary schools. We find the presence of PR on treatment effect to
be quite lawful and predictable. We have found a high correlation between presence of cancer and PR. In a
highly significant study done at Yale University back in the 1940’s, the researchers found that cancer patients
had an overwhelming disposition to show a literal polarity reversal (as compared to normals) as measured by
a sensitive instrument that measured body polarity (see Harold Saxton Burr, Blueprint for Immortality: The
electric patterns of life, Neville Spearman, London, 1972). The concept of PR is relevant to all applied fields.
The absence of PR is a vital prerequisite to successful treatment. My treatments would be significantly less
successful (by 20% to 40%) if we could not correct this condition. MASSIVE PR is a reversal in most areas
of life. MINI-PR is a block that kicks in during treatment and prevents the treatment from being complete.
RECURRING PR is a reversal that returns as soon as it is corrected. Each of these variations of PR requires
its own special treatment or action. We are now using voltmeters to show the presence of PR, and we have
robust evidence that when we treat the PR, the reversal on the voltmeter literally changes from negative to
positive before your very eyes! The introduction of the voltmeter to our work is resulting in better and more
thorough treatments. One of the treatments I found to help PR in 1979 was the use of the Bach Rescue Remedy.
Our recent use of voltmeters has resurrected my interest in and use of Rescue Remedy.

PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA
 A psychological trauma is an experience or event that engenders significant emotional upset. The upset
seems reasonably based. Examples of trauma are rape, robbery, murder of a friend, mugging, loss of a loved
one through death or perhaps even worse, loss of a loved one through rejection, loss of a job, kidnapping of
a child, etc. One of the worst traumas is when the person you love rejects or leaves you. These are the types
of experiences that we label traumas. It seems perfectly reasonable and appropriate for one to be upset in
response to such events. The appropriateness of the disturbing emotion accompanying the event appears to
be a hallmark of the notion of trauma. One might not expect trauma to be as responsive to therapy as it is to
TFT. This surprising fact carries important theoretical significance. If someone loses a pen and is obsessed
and very upset over this event, has nightmares, etc., it is not considered a trauma, though it is an obvious
psychological problem. In other words, it is not the upset per se that is relevant, but the appropriateness of
the emotion to the event that is relevant.

PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS
In the early days of psychotherapy, treatments were secretive. Even today, one can hear strong claims for
success, yet it is rare that public demonstrations are given. A gentleman in his late 80’s went for a physical
examination since he was losing interest in sex. His doctor pronounced him in good health and told him
that his decline was a normal function of aging. The man said, “But doctor, my friend Sam is 90 years old,
and he says that he has sex every night!” The doctor replied, “You can say that too!” In secrecy, it is safe
to make strong claims. I have done public demonstrations since I first discovered TFT. Recently, for the
first time, I read an acknowledgment recognizing the relevance of a public demonstration. The author of an
article in The Wall Street Journal on Monday, January 29, 1996, page A9A mentioned public demonstrations
in an article on the controversial subject of cold fusion. A new claim that purports to create more energy
than goes into a reaction (which, if true, will be revolutionary and doubtless nuclear in reaction) received the
attention of Jerry E. Bishop, a writer for The Wall Street Journal in the article, “A Bottle Rekindles Scientific
Debate About the Possibility of Cold Fusion.” The gadget was called the Patterson cell, after its inventor.
Bishop pointed out, “The Patterson cell might have been dismissed as easily as other reputed ‘cold fusion
apparatus.’ But Mr. Reding and his colleagues have been bold enough to demonstrate it at three technical
conferences in the last nine months. Most cold-fusionists are reluctant to show off their devices, because
they are never sure whether or when they will work.”
There it is—a statement, the first I have ever seen in print, that acknowledges the significance contained in
a willingness to publicly demonstrate one’s revolutionary claims. I have been doing such demonstrations on
behalf of TFT for over a decade and a half (see the Callahan/Leonoff data), and to all appearances, either the
professionals are unable to see what they are shown, or they do not realize the significance of being willing
to put one’s discoveries to a public test. The public, of course, is almost always skeptical.

QUANTUM LEAPS IN THERAPY
It was apparent from the outset with TFT that not only is the therapy rapid and effective, but the manner of
progress is unique, i.e., the progress takes place in large, definite leaps, with the client evidently not necessarily
passing through intermediate stages of the problem. My first case, Mary, for example, moved from
a 10 to a 0 instantly and did not pass through intermediate stages of the problem. One would expect that a
life-long and intense problem would not only be slow but might necessarily entail passing through a number
of intermediate stages on the way to getting well. The typical case that begins with a SUD of 10 progresses
with each stage of TFT therapy to a 7, then to a 4, and then to a 0 within minutes. The intermediate stages
are typically bypassed.

REPRESSION
A habit of avoidance of awareness of a painful emotion to the extent that the choice to be aware is lost. The
repressed person usually remains unaware of the extent of emotional pain present unless the pain is overwhelming.
People who are repressed are as easily diagnosed and treated as anyone else, except they do not
know how they are doing, e.g., as in a phobia, until they are in the phobic situation. The majority of people
are not repressed and are aware of emotional pain when they attune the relevant thought field. We have
demonstrated that a repressed person will show evidence of the repression through the use of HEART RATE
VARIABILITY. The pre-treatment score may be SDNN=80 as the person thinks of the terrible event over
which he/she feels nothing. Then, the traumatic event is treated, and the person’s SDNN jumps up to 120.

RESONANCE
The process that brings about attunement (see Tuning). Resonance is a kind of physical bond that is brought
about by a non-physical connection. It may be operative in memory and when a person tunes into a thought
field. The concept was proposed by Ninian Marshall in 1960 in the article, “ESP and Memory: A Physical
Approach.” It was published in The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. X, No. 40, pp.
265-286, in February, 1960. The concept provided the foundation for Rupert Sheldrake’s notion of morphic
resonance. Resonance is commonplace in the use of tuning forks and oscillating circuits used in radio and
television; the oscillating circuitry in the receiver is adjusted to that of the transmission. When they resonate,
the program enters the receiver. When people attune a perturbed thought field, they become disturbed. For
an excellent example, see the case of driving phobia demonstrated on the national television show called
“Evening Magazine.” When the poor woman thinks about driving on freeways or over bridges, she can be
seen to become immediately and severely upset (see Perturbation above).

REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIMENT
 An experiment in science that reveals new facts that cannot be explained by conventional or accepted notions
that are current at the time of the experiment. For example, the clinical psychologist, Martin Seligman,
director of clinical training at the University of Pennsylvania, in his book, What You Can Change and What
You Can’t Change, stated on p. 253, “There are no quick fixes,” and “Optimism is necessary for change to
take place.” Our reproducible experiment (therapy) overturns both of these cherished commonsense notions,
as well as many others. It is absolutely impossible to explain the results of TFT with conventional ideas in
psychology. TFT may be seen as a repeatable revolutionary experiment in clinical psychology that many
people can carry out on their own by tapping the appropriate points on the body.

SCIENCE
 The proper function of science is to respect facts and to revise theories in the light of new facts. Science is
by nature conservative and therefore slow in carrying out its proper function. It is typically difficult for conservative
scientists to be able to observe easily demonstrable new facts (see Apex Problem).

SEVEN SECOND PLUS TREATMENTS
These are treatments for toxins that have been added to what I initially called the “7 sec. treatment” but now
take a little longer and are far more powerful than 7 second treatment. The modifications include suggestions
by Joanne Callahan, including the addition of our reversal corrections, as well as the collarbone breathing
treatment for specific toxins.

SUD
SUD is an abbreviation for the useful term “subjective units of distress” (introduced by Wolpe), which is a
way to quantify the degree of stress, pain, or disturbing emotion experienced by the client. In TFT, the SUD
is considered the “bottom line” by which therapy is evaluated for success. SUD may be evaluated on a 0
to 10 scale or on a 1 to 10 scale. Behavioural indices may be quite misleading, since many people can do
things when pushed. If their suffering remains intense, however, we do not consider this to be therapy. Many
people in conventional therapies learn that they can withstand a great deal more suffering than they thought
they could. Successful therapy removes all traces of suffering.

THERAPY
Therapy, or rather effective therapy, results in the bottom line, which is dramatic improvement in the client.
The improvement referred to here is not merely behavioural change, which is relatively easy to obtain,
but the removal of all traces of a psychological problem. We believe that effective therapy is a result of
the subsumption (this appears to be the most appropriate term in this context), removal, collapse, elimination,
or reduction of p’s in a thought field, resulting in the elimination or reduction of negative emotions
or problems, whether relevant to reality (emotions that may be considered appropriate and normal) or not
(“neurotic”). The difference, after treatment, must be clinically, and not merely statistically, significant in
order to qualify as therapy. (See November, 1993, APA MONITOR, report of the Science Directorate, and
Psychology Today, March/April, 1994 issue with an article called, “Oops! A very embarrassing story.”) TFT
is typically saltatory in its progression (saltus is a leap) or discontinuous in movement; it develops in leaps.
This fact has led us to investigate quantum theory, since the jumps are quantum-like. We currently believe
that the actual treatment occurs at a quantum level. Presently, it seems likely that a molecular bond is either
broken or connected by the treatment or by natural maturation or healing. It is interesting that I discovered
how to cure phobias during a time when it was believed impossible.

THOUGHT FIELD (TF)
 Albert Einstein, in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, thanked Michael Faraday, the brilliant British scientist
who never went to college. Einstein conjectured that if Faraday had gone to college, he never would
have been able to come up with the concept of a field. Of course, Einstein used the concept in his theory of
relativity. The concept of thought field is the distinguishing characteristic of TFT. Professionals in other professions
such as acupuncture, acupressure, chiropractic, medicine, dentistry, etc., perform on the rather static
body or being of the person. The dynamic and limitless potential of the thought field is what makes TFT a
psychological treatment. When one is trained to diagnose TF’s, it becomes immediately apparent that the
structure of the TF creates dynamism in the individual. For example, it makes no difference to a dentist what
one is thinking about when working on the teeth. For the TFT clinical psychologist, it makes all the difference
in the world what is attuned. When the relevant TF is attuned, it brings to the fore the specific p’s and
related information that are active in a problem and vital to understanding what is called for in the treatment
situation. In order to diagnose and effectively treat a person, the person must tune into the appropriate TF.
Not attuning to the proper TF is equivalent to asking a tailor to alter your trousers without bringing the trousers.
The notion of a thought field is an imaginary scaffold upon which one may project or imagine causal
entities such as a perturbation. Empirical tests and clinical experience reveal the relevance and power of
such imaginings, i.e., we then discover whether our imaginings are “on-line” or “off-line” with reality. There
is overwhelming evidence for the “on-line” nature of our theoretical speculations. All human invention and
discovery are initially in the human imagination and must be tested in reality to determine ultimate status.
Young children and animals do not have the ability to volitionally attune a thought field, and for such cases,
the term, “perceptual field,” is appropriate. In order to treat young children or animals, they must be exposed
to the situation so that they can attune the appropriate perceptual field. As a result, the child or animal can be
treated.

TRACKING
Tracking is the procedure of observing the duration of a completely successful TFT treatment to see if any
part of the problem returns. It is extremely important that a client call the TFT-trained therapist immediately,
should a problem that has been eradicated return. We find that generally, these rare occasions are due to the
ingestion of or exposure to an exogenous substance. A therapist trained in TFT diagnostic procedures can
usually determine the substance. After the substance has been absent for a period of two months, giving the
person’s system a chance to heal, a repeat treatment will usually hold. Then, after that time, the offending
substance may no longer regenerate the psychological problem.
TRANQUILIZERS
A means of blocking awareness of anxiety without addressing the cause of the problem. Tranquilizers appear
to help by temporarily masking or hiding anxiety from awareness. It is my thesis that all addiction is
addiction to some form of tranquilizer, whether chemical or behavioural.

TRAUMA
 A trauma is due either to a direct horrible experience leading to severe emotional upset (due to the generation
of perturbations) and/or pain, or it is due to witnessing a terrible experience of another or others. Trauma
entails certain sequalae, in addition to the direct pain and suffering. These sequalae consist of obsessive
thoughts regarding the incident, as well as repeated bad dreams, nightmares or flashbacks. If one is familiar
with Rupert Sheldrake’s theory of morphic resonance, TFT proposes that these sequalae are the central
source of relevant information fed into the morphic field (collective unconscious—Jung) that allows for the
inheritance of what we call phobias (McDougall). The sequalae fulfill the dictum of Shannon, who introduced
information theory, that a message will come across no matter how much background noise, as long
as sufficient repetition of the information is carried out.

TUNING
(see Resonance) The process of bringing a particular thought associated with a problem into awareness. For
example, a trauma victim will be asked to think about the trauma. Often, trauma victims and clients with
obsessive-compulsive disorder, addictions, and anxiety have INTRUSIVE TF’s that enter under their own
power and require no attunement. There can be no diagnosis or therapy without appropriate tuning. Animals
or infants who have no choice in tuning must be in a situation that generates the appropriate TF in order to
be diagnosed and treated effectively.

VOICE TECHNOLOGY
The proprietary technology that allows for the rapid and precise diagnosis of p’s by telephone through an
objective and unique voice analysis technology. The relevant (p) information can be demonstrated to be contained
in holographic form within the voice. VT allows diagnosis to be done with only a fraction of a second
of the voice available. Language, inflection, and content are totally irrelevant to the process. The encoded
information is then decoded with precision, and the empirical effectiveness of the discoveries so obtained is
quite easy to demonstrate. This is not stress analysis, since stress is too vague to be useful in this context and
can be assumed when a client requires help. It is, rather, a rapid decoding process of the relevant p information
in the attuned thought field and contained within the voice. The VT allows the TFT trainee a unique
kind of experience wherein the trainee can obtain almost immediate consultation and help with difficult
clients, in the trainee’s office, through the medium of the Voice Technology. This on-the-spot availability of
supervisory help that is offered as a part of training is unprecedented.

 VOLTMETER
Harold Saxton Burr, a former professor at Yale Medical School, did interesting experiments using a voltmeter
from the 1930’s through the 1950’s. One of his students, Louis Langman, went on to become a Professor
of Gynecology at NY University Medical School. Prof. Langman used the voltmeter on his patients
and found that cancer was highly associated with a negative polarity. This was a strikingly similar finding
to mine in 1979. I discovered what I called “psychological reversal” and found a high correlation between
this state and the presence of cancer. Interestingly, when surgery was carried out on the cancer patients,
Langman found that the polarity went back to positive. Evidently, he and his colleagues knew of no way to
correct the polarity reversal other than surgery. I believe that my methods of correcting reversal, which are
supported by voltmeter readings, may prove very helpful in the treatment of cancers. We owe a great debt
of gratitude to Ing Alvaro Hernández, TFT-Dx of Mexico City for discovering some voltmeters that work in
the TFT context!

WITHDRAWAL
The acute anxiety experienced by addicts when deprived of their preferred tranquilizer. Withdrawal can be
viewed as anxiety unmasked. Even heroin addicts may be totally relieved of all physiologic (and, of course,
psychological) symptoms with the TFT treatment for addiction. A chain-smoking cigarette smoker may be
entirely unaware of the anxiety that powers the need for cigarettes because the cigarette continually masks
the anxiety. The chain smoker never has a chance to experience withdrawal; however, when deprived of
a cigarette, the smoker becomes acutely aware of the underlying anxiety. One may, therefore, gauge the
degree of an anxiety problem by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The same reasoning applies to
all addictions. The TFT algorithm for addiction withdrawal has a very high success rate. By this, we mean
that the treatment eliminates the desire to consume a substance or engage in a behavioural addiction about
90% of the time. The TFT treatment is very effective in helping individuals who are addicted to prescribed
tranquilizers; however, this should always be done under the supervision of a knowledgeable professional.