Minimum 2 pilots.
Maximum 4 pilots.
A minimum of 2 pilots are required to fly the 777. However, on longer flights, 3 and sometimes 4 pilots are on board to enable each other to have a decent rest and sleep. This ensures that they can perform at their best during landing.
QUESTION : Why do the French have shutters?
It depends on where you live in France but most everyone has exterior shutters for VERY valid reasons. Most homes in France are older and there were practical reasons for shutters, such as privacy and ventilation. The sun can be quite intense in parts of France and it helps to keep homes cool. In a time before screens it kept out birds and other animals yet allowed for ventilation. If you look at the shutters too, they’re actually functional unlike the faux ones you see on newer homes in places like the US. Here’s a view of a home in Provence.

Shutters along the streets of Uzès setting for the novel, “The Sunflower Field”.
All throughout this enchanting country shutters are found framing the windows of both historic and recently constructed buildings– particularly in Provence.
And from mid June in the South, the fields are painted yellow, resplendent with golden carpets of smiling sunflowers. Somehow it wouldn’t be Provence without its dazzling, dancing tournesols and the shutters which adorn almost every window. I think these shutters and sunflowers are both so defining of France.
I thought it might be interesting to explore the origins of the shutters: Where exactly did they come from?
Shutters are great to close up a home when it’s closed for the season or not in use. They can lock from the inside and prevents thieves from breaking in. This is particularly important on the street level and often these shutters are made of steel for extra security. They’re also useful for when storms pass through, preventing damage to the windows. At night you can close them to provide greater darkness as you sleep. But things are a little different on the West Coast in Brittany.
THE HISTORY OF SHUTTERS
The first shutters are believed to have been designed by the ancient Greeks. Made of marble, they had fixed louvres and just as today were used to control ventilation and light.
These shutters provide little in the way of ventilation and there’s a reason for that! Storms blow in from the Atlantic Ocean with some intensity and the shutters are primarily to protect against those strong storms. And also in winter to provide an extra layer of insulation, back in the days before homes being better insulated. Glass is also thicker now and multi-pane, so shutters are now vestiges of their past use. And so it goes throughout much of France.
Gradually over the years the concept was developed. Wood replaced the marble and the louvres became movable, allowing the amount of light and air to be controlled.

Shutters of Provence Arles
Interior shutters were pierced with holes and then covered with translucent oiled parchment allowing light in while also preventing some of the draughts. In the 13th century after glass had been invented, windows became larger and building techniques grew more sophisticated. Interior shutters were designed, which slide into wooden apertures inside, beside the windows.
By 1750 the first exterior shutters, contravents or persiennes, appeared. Normally painted white, they led to the decline of the balcony as it was too difficult to open shutters from a balcony.
It’s believed that shutters were first used in France by King Louis XIV at his magnificent home, the Palace of Versailles. Supposedly he introduced louvered shutters into his garden walls so only he could open them, allowing him to watch unseen the beautiful ladies from court bathe in the gardens’ numerous ponds.
Similarly in England, the story goes that when Lady Godiva road through the streets of Coventry naked, Tom watched her unseen through his louvered shutters. Hence the term ‘Peeping Tom’! (Full story, click here)
Today few houses in England have shutters. In France however they remain a distinguishing feature of French architecture, forming an integral part of their charm.
Helsinki — Toronto Flight ✈️
This particular flight has 400 passengers, but only 200 sets of dinner meals were loaded onboard. A mistake. And the cabin crew was in a very difficult position.
Read on.
However, a clever flight attendant had an idea! About 30 minutes into the flight, she nervously announced:
"Ladies and gentlemen, I don't know how it happened, but we have 400 passengers on board and only 200 dinners! Anyone who is kind enough to give up food for someone else will have free and unlimited alcohol during the entire flight!"
Her next announcement was made 6 hours later: "Ladies and gentlemen, if anyone wants to change their mind, we still have 200 lunches!"
Moral of the story: drinkers have very big and kind hearts!
Fun YouTube watch here
Do You Know?
Emirates’ “Trial Flight” for Children with Autism Now Available in Budapest
One year after its successful launch, Emirates has expanded its “trial flight” program for children with autism to 17 cities, including Budapest. This initiative offers children with autism and their families the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the air travel process in a stress-free environment.
The program allows participants to experience airport check-in, baggage drop-off, security screening, and the busy environment of the departure hall. This helps them prepare for situations that may arise during real travel. Emirates collaborates internationally with airports, authorities, and autism centers to implement the program, which is currently available by invitation, primarily through accredited institutions.
In addition to Budapest, the program is also available in cities such as Barcelona, Brisbane, Dubai, London, and Paris. Emirates has also become the world’s first airline to receive official autism certification, with over 30,000 cabin crew and ground staff trained to support passengers with autism. During Autism Awareness Month, Emirates’ inflight entertainment system, ICE, also offers neurodiversity-related content.
It’s worth noting that Budapest Airport joined the globally recognized Sunflower program in 2024 to make travel more comfortable and stress-free for people with hidden disabilities, and has also created a dedicated waiting area for passengers sensitive to external stimuli.
Hidden Disabilities Sunflower Lanyard Program
This information introduces the Sunflower Lanyard Program, an initiative designed to discreetly signal that a person has a hidden disability and may require additional time, assistance, or understanding in public spaces. It explains how the sunflower lanyard serves as a discreet, voluntary signal that the wearer may have a non-visible disability and could benefit from additional patience, support, or understanding in public spaces, workplaces, and during travel. The article highlights the program's widespread adoption across sectors such as transportation, retail, healthcare, and education, and emphasizes its role in fostering inclusivity and reducing the stigma often faced by those whose disabilities are not immediately apparent. It also details practical aspects, such as how to obtain a lanyard, the absence of strict eligibility requirements, and the importance of businesses and organizations recognizing the symbol to ensure meaningful support for wearers. This information is particularly useful for people with hidden disabilities, seniors, caregivers, and service providers seeking to create more accessible and understanding environments - Disabled World (DW).
USA FIGHT pedophile
If you know someone is a pedophile, do you seriously let them be alone with your child?! This is a thought that came to my mind when I heard that Elon Musk accused Donald Trump of being in the Epstein files.
I am sure that the red hats will have the same thought and use it to proclaim Trump’s innocence and proof that Elon Musk is lying. It does neither.
But either way not a good look for Elon Musk.
If Elon Musk:-
1. He is telling the truth. Which means he bankrolled and endorsed a pedofile for President. Then left his own child alone with said pedophile.
2. He is lying. Which just further ruins his credibility, reputation, and businesses.
I just hope Elon Musk is smart enough to have proof of the Epstein files, because his credibility is shot universally. And it will remain nothing further than an accusation which others have laid before and it did not stop Trump from becoming President.
I hope the Epstein files get released. Most of all I wish the victims of these heinous crimes and their families see justice be served.
Places That Currently Recognize the Hidden Disabilities Sunflower Lanyard
Not only are the sunflower lanyards available at many airports across the UK, but they have also been introduced in LNER trains, and several supermarkets, including M&S, Sainsbury's, and Tesco.
Airports
The official advice from airports is that the sunflower lanyard does not give you access to security or immigration fast track. Airports advise that when entering the security area, you will be pointed to the shortest available lane based on live operations, and where possible, you might be shown to the front of the queue.
In 2016, Gatwick launched the first-of-its-kind lanyard for passengers with hidden disabilities who may require additional support when traveling through the airport. By wearing the lanyard at Gatwick, or other major UK airports, you could receive additional support from staff, including
Receiving clear instructions
Ability to remain with family members at all times
Staff assisting with reading departure boards or signs
Getting more time to prepare at check-in and security
Receive additional time to prepare for security checks and boarding
Explaining in detail what to expect when traveling through the airport
A more comprehensive briefing on what to expect as you travel through the airport
Railways
The lanyard scheme is gradually being adopted by railways. It is now being used by LNER, which operates the London North Eastern routes, and c2c, which serves 26 stations in East London and South Essex.
Supermarkets
The sunflower lanyard program is being trialed by two major U.K. supermarkets. Sainsbury's runs an extended trial at 40 branches following a successful test at its Barnstaple store. Tesco is running a trial in 15 of its Hertfordshire stores.
Tourist Attractions
In August 2019, Eureka!, a children's museum in Yorkshire, joined the sunflower lanyard scheme. If you're planning a visit to Eureka!, they have lots of information on accessible visits on their website.
The Royal International Air Tattoo, which stages air shows in Gloucestershire for aircraft enthusiasts, is another attraction currently trialing the sunflower lanyard scheme.
How and Where to Obtain a Sunflower Lanyard (UK)
Airports: If you are flying from a major U.K. airport, you can ask for a lanyard from an airport assistance desk or order it in advance from participating airports by contacting the airport before you travel.
Railways: For LNER, ask at any rail station or by contacting customer services. For c2c, ask at train station booking offices or by contacting customers services.
Supermarkets: If you shop in any of the Sainsbury's or Tesco stores running the trial, you can request the lanyard at the customer service desk - or the checkout counters at smaller shops. Visitor attractions: Ask at the checkout tills or information center.
What Countries Use Sunflower Lanyard Awareness
Several other countries are beginning to participate or are petitioning the powers that be to adopt the Sunflower Lanyard for invisible disabilities Program. To date, these countries include:
Australia: Several major airports in Australia recognize and support the lanyard scheme.
New Zealand: Georgia Hood has launched a petition addressed to the New Zealand Airports Association to introduce the sunflower lanyard, for people with hidden disabilities, at all NZ airports.
Netherlands: Schiphol airport Amsterdam recognizes the sunflower lanyard program; however, it is known as the "Green Assistance Keycord."
United Kingdom (UK): The birthplace of the sunflower lanyard for hidden disabilities awareness scheme.
Ireland: Cork Airport is the first airport in the Republic of Ireland to roll out the sunflower lanyard initiative supporting passengers with hidden disabilities.
United States:
> Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina, United States, now participates in the disabilities Sunflower Lanyard Program.
> John F. Kennedy International Airport: The operator of Terminal 4 at JFK IAT has partnered with the U.K.-based Sunflower Lanyard Scheme to offer customers traveling through the terminal a discreet way to alert employees that they may require additional assistance, support, or time.
> Miami International Airport: MIA has joined the currently ten other U.S. and 34 worldwide airports that provide sunflower lanyards free of charge to travelers with hidden disabilities. The lanyards indicate to airport employees that those passengers may need extra time during the travel process. MIA employees have received customer service training about the lanyards and best practices for serving travelers with hidden disabilities.
> Mineta San Jose California International Airport. With the help of the California State Council on Developmental disabilities, Mineta San Jose Airport has now made the hidden disabilities lanyard program available.
> Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport: MSP has partnered with the Hidden Disabilities Sunflower organization to bring its Sunflower Lanyard program to MSP; further information can be found at mspairport.com/airport/accessibility/hidden-disabilities-sunflower-program
> Seattle-Tacoma International Airport: SEA appears to be the first in the U.S. to offer such a solution: a green lanyard printed with yellow sunflowers that symbolizes a "hidden disability" such as dementia, hearing loss, post-traumatic stress disorder or autism.
Philadelphia airport now participates in the sunflower lanyard scheme.
The U.S. city of Mesa, Arizona, is the first U.S. city to adopt the Hidden Disabilities Sunflower complimentary lanyards and bracelets. In addition to the Mesa Visitors Center, guests can pick up their complimentary Hidden Disabilities Sunflower lanyards and bracelets at these participating Mesa locations:
> COPA Health
> Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport
> Arizona Museum of Natural History
> DoubleTree by Hilton Phoenix Mesa
> Delta Hotels by Marriott Phoenix-Mesa
> Sheraton Mesa Hotel at Wrigleyville West
> Holiday Inn & Suites Phoenix-Mesa/Chandler
Have you seen the Sunflower Lanyard program in use somewhere we haven't mentioned? If so, please contact us so we can add the venue to this page for the benefit of others.
Insights, Analysis, and Developments
Note: The Sunflower Lanyard Program stands out as a simple yet powerful tool for bridging the gap between visible and invisible needs in society. By encouraging recognition and understanding of non-visible disabilities, the initiative not only improves daily experiences for many but also challenges assumptions about what disability looks like. Its growing international presence signals a positive shift toward more compassionate, inclusive communities where everyone's needs are acknowledged and respected. The significance of the Sunflower Lanyard Program lies not only in its simplicity but in its potential to shift public attitudes toward hidden disabilities. As awareness spreads, so too does the opportunity to foster more considerate environments where people are recognized for their needs without having to constantly explain themselves. Its quiet visibility is its strength - an understated solution for a frequently overlooked challenge. Not all disabilities are visible, and a subtle signal such as the sunflower lanyard can make a big difference in providing confidence and reassurance to the wearers. Over 500,000 lanyards have been issued in the U.K. As interest grows, so does the number of organizations, groups, and venues involved. Not all people with hidden disabilities require assistance. However, we believe that the sunflower lanyard program is an optional opportunity to provide people with a 'discreet sign' which demonstrates to staff, and others, that they may need additional support or assistance - Disabled World (DW).
Author Credentials: Ian C. Langtree is an Australian-born writer, editor, and advocate who currently resides in Montreal, Canada. He is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of Disabled World, a leading resource for news and information on disability issues. With a global perspective shaped by years of travel and lived experience, Ian is a committed proponent of the Social Model of Disability-a transformative framework developed by disabled activists in the 1970s that emphasizes dismantling societal barriers rather than focusing solely on individual impairments. His work reflects a deep commitment to disability rights, accessibility, and social inclusion. To learn more about Ian's background, expertise, and accomplishments, visit his full biography.
• National Assistive Technology Awareness Day: Purpose, Impact, and Significance: National Assistive Technology Awareness Day highlights the vital role of AT in supporting independence and inclusion for people with disabilities and seniors.
• How to Respectfully Interact with People with Cerebral Palsy: A firsthand account on respectful interaction with people with cerebral palsy, challenging stereotypes and offering practical advice for inclusive communication.
Founded in 2004, Disabled World (DW) is a leading resource on disabilities, assistive technologies, and accessibility, supporting the disability community.
Hidden Disabilities Sunflower Lanyard Program. Disabled World (DW). Retrieved from www.disabledworld.com/disability/awareness/sunflower-lanyard.php
Permalink: <a href="https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/awareness/sunflower-lanyard.php">Hidden Disabilities Sunflower Lanyard Program</a>: Information regarding the invisible disability sunflower lanyard program where a lanyard is worn around the neck to let others know you have hidden disabilities.