Air Composition

Dry air contains nitrogen 78.048%, oxygen 20.9476%, argon 0.9347%, carbon dioxide 0.0314%, hydrogen 0.00005%. The composition of gas mixture is expressed as volume percent. The remaining 0.01 percent is accounted for by traces of neon, krypton, helium, ozone and xenon.

Science: Is air a compound or a mixture?

Air is the mixture of gases. The composition of gas mixtures is always expressed as volume percent unless otherwise specified. For a mixture of given composition, the volume occupied by each individual component may be computed by knowing the total volume, the partial pressure of each component may be computed by knowing the total pressure and the number of moles of each component may be calculated by knowing the total number of moles percent.

In many calculations, including gas mixtures, it is desired to know pseudo (or average) molecular mass of a mixture. The mixture of gases known as air enters into so many engineering problems that it is desirable to know its composition and pseudomolecular mass. Dry air contains nitrogen 78.048%, oxygen 20.9476%, argon 0.9347%, carbon dioxide 0.0314%, hydrogen 0.00005%. The composition of gas mixture is expressed as volume percent. The remaining 0.01 percent is accounted for by traces of neon, krypton, helium, ozone and xenon.

For most engineering calculations, air is assumed to have a composition of 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen with the principal minor constituent, argon, being considered to be nitrogen. Air will contain water vapor but the amount will depend on weather conditions. The pseudomolecular mass of air may be calculated to be approximately 29 lb-mass per lb-mole and this figure should be used in problems involving air.

The calculation to get the psedomolecular mas of air,

Air Composition            Molecular mass (lb-mass per lb-mole)

N2 78.048%                   28.02
O2 20.9476%                 32.00
CO2 0.0314%,                44.00
H2 0.00005%                 2.02
Ar 0.9347%,                    39.91

Pseudomolecular mass of air = (28.02 x 0.78084) + (32 x 0.209476) + (44 x 0.000314) + (2.02 x 0.0000005) + (39.91 x 0.009347)

= 28.969 ~ 29 lb-mass per lb-mole

1. A mixture.The difference between a compound and a mixture is primarily that a mixture can be separated through physical means. Since air is essentially just a collection of various gases, air is a mixture.

2. Air is known to be a type of mixture. The very air that we have in the planet is actually a mixture of various gases that are naturally present in the world. A lot of calculations were made in order to confirm this, and there is a decent explanation to this that might pique your interests as well.

The actual mixture of the component were calculated over and over again, but the results are not exact, rather estimated to be exact. The molecular mixture of the gases ultimately formed the air that we breathe. Take note that this type of air is still made up of oxygen, but it’s not just any ordinary type of oxygen as it contains various components that made it more breathable as well.

It’s said that air is known to be also made up of nitrogen, and most of its components are actually nitrogen – with oxygen providing at least 20% of it. Other components are a very small fraction of argon and an very, very tiny amount of hydrogen. Scientists are not sure if there are any other components mixed into the fresh air that we breathe, but these four elements are the main ones that made up the air that we have.

Compounds, on the other hand, are known to have a more fixed amount than mixtures – just like how we mix water with a flavoring that we want. Compounds always needed to be exact, and therefore, air is actually a mixture of various elements in a natural way, but also in a way where it’s perfect for us to breathe in and out.

 

A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition.

The ratio of each element is usually expressed by chemical formula.
For example, water (H2O) is a compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom.
The atoms within a compound can be held together by a variety of interactions, ranging from covalent bonds to electrostatic forces in ionic bonds.
A continuum of bond polarities exist between the purely covalent bond (as in H2) and ionic bonds.
For example H2O is held together by polar covalent bonds.
Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic compound.

3. Pure air is actually a solution of the gases in the relative ratios listed in many of the previous posts. It is also a mixture in a practical sense, since the air we actually breathe contains numerous very small particles of dust, other organic particles, water droplets, etc.

4. Air is a mixture, which is made up of different compounds (covalently bound molecules made up of different elements, such as water H2O), and elements (molecules  made of only one element, like O2, and H2 or individual atoms). To further complicate the name game, air is also a solution, which is a homogeneous mixture (all one phase, gaseous in this instance). A solution is a type of mixture.

5. Air is a mixture of elements such as Oxygen and Nitrogen and a mixture of compounds such as water and carbon dioxide. A mixture is something that can be separated through physical means. Air can be separated into its elements and compounds by fractional distillation.

6. The best reason I can think of for why we believe that air is a mixture is that freezing air slowly yields different liquids at different temperatures. Liquid nitrogen has a different boiling point than liquid oxygen. They also freeze at different temperatures. If air were only 1 compound, then air in its entirety would have a single boiling point and a single freezing point.

7. Air is a mixture/blend of several gases and water (moisture). Its composition may change based on the ambient conditions. It is because it can be separated to its components using separation methods. Air is Mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and trace gasses.

8. It is a mixture of several compounds, mainly nitrogen and oxygen with bits of water vapour, carbon dioxide and argon, plus traces of many other gases.

Is a mixture of air and liquid air a pure substance?

1.Air itself is not a ‘pure substance’. Air is a mixture— primarily of nitrogen and oxygen, plus small amounts of a handful of other things (CO2, Argon, etc, etc). Anything that is a ‘mixture’ is by definition not a ‘pure substance’.

Thank you very much.

2.No, because relative proportions of oxygen and nitrogen differs in air (gaseous phase) and liquid air (liquid phase) in equilibrium.

Since, pure substance is homogeneous and invariable in chemical composition. Moreover relative proportion of chemical elements of substance is constant. Therefore, not a pure substance.

          
     

Urine Bubbly?

What does it mean when you have bubbles in your urine?
The presence of bubbles in urine or foamy urine is a common clinical symptom hinting at proteinuria in kidney failure patients. But urine with bubbles does not necessarily mean that you are suffering from kidney disease. Bubbly urine can be due to a relatively benign or harmless condition as well. Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine. In healthy persons, urine contains very little protein; an excess is suggestive of illness. Excess protein in the urine often causes the urine to become foamy, although foamy urine may also be caused by bilirubin in the urine (bilirubinuria),retrograde ejaculation, pneumaturia (air bubbles in the urine) due to a fistula, or drugs such as pyridium.

What does it mean when your pee is foamy?

A full bladder can make your urine stream faster and more forceful, which can cause foam. The urine can also get foamy if it's more concentrated, which can occur due to dehydration or pregnancy. Sometimes, the problem is your toilet. ... Protein in the urine is another cause, and it's usually due to kidney disease.

What does it mean if you have foam in your urine?

This can be a sign of protein in your urine (proteinuria), which requires further evaluation. Increased amounts of protein in urine may indicate a serious kidney problem. If your urine seems unusually foamy most of the time, your doctor may recommend that your urine be checked for elevated levels of protein.

Why does my pee smell so strong?

Consumption of certain foods, such as asparagus (which can impart a characteristic odor to urine), and taking some medications may be causes for changes in the odor of urine. The presence of bacteria in the urine, such as with a urinary tract infection (UTI), can affect the appearance and smell of urine.

What does it mean if you have protein in your urine?

Protein in urine (proteinuria) Protein in the urine, also called proteinuria, is often a sign of kidney problems, or an overproduction of proteins by the body. Healthy kidneys only pass a small amount of protein through their filters.

How much is too much protein in the urine?
Here are some natural home remedies that can aid in treating proteinuria:

1.Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, grains, and legumes.
2.Lean meats are better than red meat, as the latter is harder to break down.
3.Consume more fish.
4.Restrict salt intake.
5.Drink plenty of water and avoid soda/caffeine/coffee.

6.Exercise regularly.

Why would you have protein in your urine?

Both diabetes and high blood pressure can cause damage to the kidneys, which leads to proteinuria. Other types of kidney disease unrelated to diabetes or high blood pressure can also cause protein to leak into the urine. Examples of other causes include: Medications.

How do you get rid of protein in the urine?
1.Keep track of the amount of protein you are eating. ...
2.Help your kidneys flush out and remove excess proteins from your body by drinking plenty of extra water. ...
3.Make a permanent commitment to change your reduced protein diet. ...

4.Focus your diet on foods which are natural and lower in protein.

What does it mean when your urine is cloudy?

Cloudy urine can be caused by a variety of conditions, including vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted diseases, dehydration, certain autoimmune disorders, as well as infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra).

What are the main causes of kidney stones?

Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances — such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid — than the fluid in your urine can dilute. At the same time, your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.

What can cause your urine to smell?

Some foods and medications, such as asparagus or certain vitamins, can cause a noticeable urine odor, even in low concentrations. Sometimes, unusual urine odor indicates a medical condition or disease, such as: Bladder infection. Cystitis (bladder inflammation).

Why does my pee smell like ammonia?

Eating foods rich in protein can cause this smell, especially if you eat a lot of them. That's because the foods can lead to excess nitrogen in your body, and when that is released, it smells like ammonia. Dehydration. If you don't have enough water in your body, your urine becomes very concentrated.

Can proteinuria be cured completely?

In such cases, proteinuria is temporary and it can be completely reversed after the underlying cause is eliminated. However if proteinuria is caused by chronic kidney disease, diabetes or hypertension. ... Proteinuria is typical symptom of kidney disease which is one of the major causes of protein leakage in urine.

Organic Food is about

the carbon in the food.

Of all the elements (note: Ninety-two,92, elements have been found on Earth) , carbon is one of the most important and is essential to life on Earth. And for us, too.

Combinations of elements, or compounds, that do not have carbon are called inorganic.

Those compounds containing carbon are called organic, and to examine them is to explore the very essence of life.

Human body (average adult) consists of 18% carbon.

Organic molecule: Any molecule that contains carbon.
Te value of most crops lies in the vegetable oil or carbohydrate they produce, neither of which contains nitrogen; but without access to nitrogen such crops would not grow. All plants need nitrogen to be able to carry out photosynthesis, which is the process that convert carbon dioxide from the air to carbohydrate.

And he gave it for his opinion that whoever could make two ears of corn or two blades of grass to grow upon a spot of ground where only one grow before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more essential service to his country and fellow mankind than the whole race of politicians put together.

Organic food is about the balance of carbon inside the food with all other elements in the correct proportion as the nature produce; not about the farming method adopted by the farmers, whether spraying insecticide/pesticide to the plants. it is the genetic code of the plants which determine the produce organic. So if you are still in the mindset that organic food at the supermarket is decided by the higher price, then you have been taken for a long ride all along. It is the cooking of the organic food which converted some of the organic-carbon content (unbalanced)in the food which in turn cause the "cooked food" to be inorganic-cooked food. The farmer is not guilty , but the chef who did the diner in , as far as organic food is concerned.