Thirst and hydration: Physiology and consequences of dysfunction

The constant supply of oxygen and nutriments to cells (especially neurons) is the role of the cardiovascular system. The constant supply of water (and sodium) for cardiovascular function is the role of thirst and sodium appetite and kidney function. This physiological regulation ensures that plasma volume and osmolality are maintained within set limits by initiating behaviour and release of hormones necessary to ingest and conserve water and sodium within the body. This regulation is separated into 2 parts; intracellular and extracellular (blood). An increased osmolality draws water from cells into the blood thus dehydrating specific brain osmoreceptors that stimulate drinking and release of anti diuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin). ADH reduces water loss via lowered urine volume. Extracellular dehydration (hypovolaemia) stimulates specific vascular receptors that signal brain centres to initiate drinking and ADH release. Baro/volume receptors in the kidney participate in stimulating the release of the enzyme renin that starts a cascade of events to produce angiotensin II (AngII), which initiates also drinking and ADH release. This stimulates also aldosterone release which reduces kidney loss of urine sodium. Both AngII and ADH are vasoactive hormones that could work to reduce blood vessel diameter around the remaining blood. All these events work in concert so that the cardiovascular system can maintain a constant perfusion pressure, especially to the brain. Even if drinking does not take place ADH, AngII and aldosterone are still released. Furthermore, it has been observed that treatment of hypertension, obesity, diabetes and cancer can involve renin–AngII antagonists which could suggest that, in humans at least, there may be dysfunction of the thirst regulatory mechanism.

Angiotensin, thirst, and sodium appetite.

Abstract

Angiotensin (ANG) II is a powerful and phylogenetically widespread stimulus to thirst and sodium appetite. When it is injected directly into sensitive areas of the brain, it causes an immediate increase in water intake followed by a slower increase in NaCl intake. Drinking is vigorous, highly motivated, and rapidly completed. The amounts of water taken within 15 min or so of injection can exceed what the animal would spontaneously drink in the course of its normal activities over 24 h. The increase in NaCl intake is slower in onset, more persistent, and affected by experience. Increases in circulating ANG II have similar effects on drinking, although these may be partly obscured by accompanying rises in blood pressure. The circumventricular organs, median preoptic nucleus, and tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle in the lamina terminalis (AV3V region) provide the neuroanatomic focus for thirst, sodium appetite, and cardiovascular control, making extensive connections with the hypothalamus, limbic system, and brain stem. The AV3V region is well provided with angiotensinergic nerve endings and angiotensin AT1 receptors, the receptor type responsible for acute responses to ANG II, and it responds vigorously to the dipsogenic action of ANG II. The nucleus tractus solitarius and other structures in the brain stem form part of a negative-feedback system for blood volume control, responding to baroreceptor and volume receptor information from the circulation and sending ascending noradrenergic and other projections to the AV3V region. The subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and area postrema contain ANG II-sensitive receptors that allow circulating ANG II to interact with central nervous structures involved in hypovolemic thirst and sodium appetite and blood pressure control. Angiotensin peptides generated inside the blood-brain barrier may act as conventional neurotransmitters or, in view of the many instances of anatomic separation between sites of production and receptors, they may act as paracrine agents at a distance from their point of release. An attractive speculation is that some are responsible for long-term changes in neuronal organization, especially of sodium appetite. Anatomic mismatches between sites of production and receptors are less evident in limbic and brain stem structures responsible for body fluid homeostasis and blood pressure control. Limbic structures are rich in other neuroactive peptides, some of which have powerful effects on drinking, and they and many of the classical nonpeptide neurotransmitters may interact with ANG II to augment or inhibit drinking behavior. Because ANG II immunoreactivity and binding are so widely distributed in the central nervous system, brain ANG II is unlikely to have a role as circumscribed as that of circulating ANG II. Angiotensin peptides generated from brain precursors may also be involved in functions that have little immediate effect on body fluid homeostasis and blood pressure control, such as cell differentiation, regeneration and remodeling, or learning and memory. Analysis of the mechanisms of increased drinking caused by drugs and experimental procedures that activate the renal renin-angiotensin system, and clinical conditions in which renal renin secretion is increased, have provided evidence that endogenously released renal renin can generate enough circulating ANG II to stimulate drinking. But it is also certain that other mechanisms of thirst and sodium appetite still operate when the effects of circulating ANG II are blocked or absent, although it is not known whether this is also true for angiotensin peptides formed in the brain. Whether ANG II should be regarded primarily as a hormone released in hypovolemia helping to defend the blood volume, a neurotransmitter or paracrine agent with a privileged role in the neural pathways for thirst and sodium appetite of all kinds, a neural organizer especially in sodium appetite.

Role of brain angiotensin II in thirst and sodium appetite of sheep.

The contribution of brain angiotensin II (ANG II) to thirst and Na+ appetite of sheep was evaluated. Thirst was stimulated by water deprivation, intracarotid or intracerebroventricular infusion of ANG II, or intracarotid or intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic solution. Intracerebroventricular infusion, over 1-3 h, of the ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, losartan, decreased or abolished water intake caused by all of the stimuli tested. Intracerebroventricular infusion of ZD-7155, another AT1-receptor antagonist, blocked ANG II-induced water intake. Neither losartan nor ZD-7155 infused intracerebroventricularly altered the Na+ appetite of Na(+)-depleted sheep. Intracerebroventricular infusion of losartan over 3 h, however, did block the increase in water intake and the decrease in Na+ intake caused by intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic NaCl in Na(+)-depleted sheep. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the ANG II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonist, PD-123319, over 1-3 h, did not alter ANG II-induced water intake or Na+ depletion-induced Na+ intake. These results are consistent with the proposition that brain ANG II, working via AT1 receptors, is involved in the neural system controlling some aspects of physiological thirst and Na+ appetite. A role for AT2 receptors in physiological thirst or Na+ appetite is not supported by the present results.


Conditions for secretion of vasopressin in pressor amounts in water-replete rats. By Iriuchijima J.
Abstract

Conditions for secretion of pressor amounts of vasopressin were sought in conscious, water-replete rats. The characteristic lowering of arterial pressure on injection of a vasopressin antagonist was used to detect vasopressin secretion in pressor amounts. The absence or marked abatement of both baroreceptor impulses and adrenomedullary secretion were found necessary for secretion of vasopressin in pressor amounts: the vasopressin antagonist lowered arterial pressure in rats with sinoaortic denervation and ganglion blockade or adrenalectomy. Besides baroreceptor activity and adrenomedullary secretion, anesthetics were also found inhibitory on vasopressin release in pressor amounts. The adrenomedullary hormone signaling the presence of adrenomedullary activity to the vasopressin releasing mechanism was identified as noradrenaline and not adrenaline. It is suggested that the vasopressin pressor mechanism is recruited to sustain arterial pressure when the sympathoadrenal system fails.

[Role of vasopressin in arterial hypertension].
[Article in French]
Thibonnier M, Sassano P, Daufresne S, Menard J.
Abstract

On isolated arteriole preparations vasopressin behaves as an extremely potent vasoconstrictor. In healthy animals and man its pressor effect is counteracted by several compensatory mechanisms, including stimulation of the baroreceptor reflex with reduction of sympathetic activity, decrease in renin secretion, sodium loss and reduction of vascular response to vasopressor agents. Alterations of these mechanisms unmask the hypertensive effect of vasopressin as shown by several experimental hypertension models in animals. In human pathology vasopressin has been shown to be a good indicator of the severity pf arterial hypertension, but its role in that disease will only be determined when vascular antagonists of vasopressin devoid of paryial agonistic activity become available.

[Cardiovascular effect of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin].
[Article in German]
Rascher W.
Abstract

The two major biological actions of vasopressin are antidiuresis and vasoconstriction. The antidiuretic action of low concentrations of vasopressin is well established and concentrations 10 to 100 times above those required for antidiuresis elevate arterial blood pressure. Antidiuresis is mediated by V2-receptors at the kidney, whereas vasopressin constricts arterioles by binding at V1-receptors. Pharmacological effects of specific antagonists of the vasoconstrictor activity of vasopressin (vascular or V1-receptor antagonists) are presented. Low concentrations of vasopressin do have significant hemodynamic effects. Physiological concentrations of vasopressin cause vasoconstriction and elevate systemic vascular resistance. In subjects with intact cardiovascular reflex activity, however, cardiac output falls concomitantly and blood pressure therefore does not change. In animals with baroreceptor deafferentation or in patients with blunted baroreceptor reflexes (autonomic insufficiency) a rise in plasma vasopressin causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure, because cardiac output does not fall under these conditions. Vasopressin contributes substantially via increase in systemic vascular resistance to maintain blood pressure during water deprivation. During hemorrhage and hypotension vasopressin has a major role to restore blood pressure. In experimental hypertension vasopressin contributes to the development and maintenance of high blood pressure in DOCA, but not in genetic hypertensive rats. The role of vasopressin in human hypertension is not yet clear. Vasopressin in extrahypothalamic areas of the brain affects circulatory regulation by interaction with central cardiovascular control centers. The exact mechanism of how vasopressin is involved in central regulation of blood pressure remains to be established. In contrast to our previous opinion vasopressin is a vasoactive hormone also at low plasma concentrations. Its cardiovascular action is more complex than previously assumed.


PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Founding Editor, MATTHEW J. WAYNER

Editorial Advisory Board
MICHAEL BAUM, Boston University, Boston, MA
TIMOTHY J. BARTNESS, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
GARY K. BEAUCHAMP, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
LARRY L. BELLINGER, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
D. CAROLINE BLANCHARD, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI
RICHARD J. BODNAR, Queens College of the City University of New York,
Flushing, NY
THOMAS W. CASTONGUAY, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
LIQUE M. COOLEN, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
WIM E. CRUSIO, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Talence, France
SIETSE F. DE BOER, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
JUAN M. DOMINGUEZ, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
DAVID A. EDWARDS, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
D.P. FIGLEWICZ LATTEMANN, VA Puget Sound Health Care System,
Seattle, WA
CHERYL A. FRYE, SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY
RONALD J. JANDACEK, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
ROBIN B. KANAREK, Tufts University, Medford, MA
KEITH KENDRICK, AFRC Babraham Institute, Cambridge, England
SARAH F. LEIBOWITZ, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
BRUCE S. McEWEN, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
MARILYN Y. McGINNIS, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
KLAUS A. MICZEK, Tufts University, Medford, MA
GUY MITTLEMAN, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
PIERRE MORMEDE, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
RANDY J. NELSON, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
MELLY S. OITZL, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research and Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
JAMES G. PFAUS, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
SUSAN RITTER, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
ROBERT J. RODGERS, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
NEIL E. ROWLAND, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
PAUL A. RUSHING, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
NORBERT SACHSER, Westfalische Wilhelms Universität,
Münster, Germany
GARY J. SCHWARTZ, The New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center, White
Plains, NY
ANTHONY SCLAFANI, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
ANDREA SGOIFO, University of Parma Via Usberti, Parma, Italy
GERARD P. SMITH, The New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center,
White Plains, NY
WILLIAM P. SMOTHERMAN, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY
VOLKER STEFANSKI, Dept. of Animal Physiology, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440
Bayreuth, Germany
URSULA STOCKHORST, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrueck, Germany
JOHN G. VANDENBERGH, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
ZOE S. WARWICK, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
RICHARD S. WEISINGER, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
MARGRIET S. WESTERTERP-PLANTENGA, Maastricht University, Maastricht,
The Netherlands

STEPHEN WOODS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

DRINKING WATER IN THE MORNING HELPS YOU TO STAY HYDRATED

Professor Stravos Kavouras gives a piece of advice to start your days lively and hydrated.

"Drinking water in the morning is a very good idea since for, I would say  at least 6-8 hours per day, during our sleep, we do not drink anything. So when we wake up in the morning our body has very low levels of water and it's a very good idea to start your day by drinking some water. 


So I would say drinking water in the morning can probably by the first step to start your day, energize your day, and help you stay hydrated throughout the day. So I would say this is a fact, and drink water in the morning. "

Proper Hydration

While a lot of people may disagree about the exact amount of water you should drink each day, and that your needs will differ from others with different body types. While no specific measurement will fit all people, I consulted Dr. Pamila Brar to get some basic guidelines. She suggested the following, presuming a temperate climate:

Men should drink about 3 liters (about 13 cups) of total fluids a day
Women should drink about 2.2 liters (about 9 cups) of total fluids a day.

This is just a baseline, of course. If you exercise, spend time in hot or dry weather, you consume a significant amount of diuretics (e.g. caffeinated drinks like soda), or your medications require additional water consumption, you may need more water. The easiest way to handle your water consumption is to stick with the baseline above and add more water whenever you feel thirsty.

How Can I Make Sure I Get Enough Water?

Presuming you're awake for approximately 16 hours per day, you'll have to drink between 4.65 and 6.25 fluid ounces per hour. That may seem like a lot, but it isn't much more than four to eight sips per hour (depending on how much you take in). If you always have water with you and have an easy method of refilling (e.g. sink, water cooler, etc.) you won't have too much trouble.


Aside from remembering, many people don't drink enough water because they don't like the taste. Sometimes this is a problem with tap water more than water itself, so consider a water cooler for your home if you hate the taste of tap water, don't like the negative environmental impact of bottled water, or want to pay much for the vital beverage. If that's not the problem, there are many ways you can augment water's natural flavor to help you enjoy it more. Additionally, you can eat your water as well. Fruits and vegetables have a high water content and can contribute to your daily need. Regardless, keep water with you as often as possible. A refillable water bottle can help you form better hydration habits.

Can I Drink Too Much Water?

You can have too much of anything, but you'll find it challenging to have too much water. Dr. Pam explains:

In a healthy adult, the kidneys can filter and excrete 15 liters of water a day. So you are unlikely to get too much water, provided you don't drink an enormous amount at one time. Just remember to pay attention to thirst cues, try to anticipate when activities or the weather might increase your need for water, and carry water with you always.
For most of us, too little water is more of a problem than too much. Drinking 15 liters of water each day would not only take quite some time but make you feel very uncomfortable. There are really no circumstances where you'd accidentally drink too much water, so drinking more than you need is a safer bet than drinking too little.

What Happens If I Don't Get Enough Water?

While more water than you need is unlikely to hurt you, too little water can cause all sorts of problems. Water aids in digestion, makes your skin look healthier, helps you feel more full so you don't overeat, keeps your kidneys healthy (so they can properly flush out toxins), and contributes to regular healthy bowel movements. You lose out on those benefits if you don't stay hydrated. Additionally, dehydration makes you feel tired and fatigued. Dr. Pam explains why:

Dehydration makes you feel tired. The right amount of water will help your heart pump your blood more effectively, and water can help your blood transport oxygen and other essential nutrients to your cells. Water also helps energize your muscles and prevents cramping. This is especially important if you find yourself tired at the gym. You should drink two cups of water about two hours before you exercise.
Water won't just help you stay more awake and alert during the day, but also reduce fatigue during sports and exercise. While the benefits it provides are important, this is one benefit that's especially relevant to those who work often and for long hours (especially when caffeine's thrown into the mix).


Ultimately, you can get by without sufficient water but you won't feel good. While it may be tough at first to drink as much as you need, practice will help you form good hydration habits that will lead to better overall health. Getting more water throughout the day is a good opportunity to stand up and walk around so you're not sitting or going without a break for too long. It's no surprise that water is good for you, but the benefits of sufficient hydration are many and well worth the trouble.

**Special NOTE: A special thanks goes out to Dr. Pamila Brar for her expert contribution to this post. Dr. Pam's primary focus is internal medicine, with a wide scope of experience with everyday health including proper hydration.

How people can and do drink water themselves to death

Liquid H2O is the sine qua non of life. Making up about 66 percent of the human body, water runs through the blood, inhabits the cells, and lurks in the spaces between. At every moment water escapes the body through sweat, urination, defecation or exhaled breath, among other routes. Replacing these lost stores is essential but rehydration can be overdone. There is such a thing as a fatal water overdose.

Earlier this year 2007, a 28-year-old California woman died after competing in a radio station's on-air water-drinking contest. After downing some six liters of water in three hours in the "Hold Your Wee for a Wii" (Nintendo game console) contest, Jennifer Strange vomited, went home with a splitting headache, and died from so-called water intoxication.

There are many other tragic examples of death by water. In 2005 a fraternity hazing at California State University, Chico, left a 21-year-old man dead after he was forced to drink excessive amounts of water between rounds of push-ups in a cold basement. Club-goers taking MDMA ("ecstasy") have died after consuming copious amounts of water trying to rehydrate following long nights of dancing and sweating. Going overboard in attempts to rehydrate is also common among endurance athletes. A 2005 study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that close to one sixth of marathon runners develop some degree of hyponatremia, or dilution of the blood caused by drinking too much water.

Hyponatremia, a word cobbled together from Latin and Greek roots, translates as "insufficient salt in the blood." Quantitatively speaking, it means having a blood sodium concentration below 135 millimoles per liter, or approximately 0.4 ounces per gallon, the normal concentration lying somewhere between 135 and 145 millimoles per liter. Severe cases of hyponatremia can lead to water intoxication, an illness whose symptoms include headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination and mental disorientation.

In humans the kidneys control the amount of water, salts and other solutes leaving the body by sieving blood through their millions of twisted tubules. When a person drinks too much water in a short period of time, the kidneys cannot flush it out fast enough and the blood becomes waterlogged. Drawn to regions where the concentration of salt and other dissolved substances is higher, excess water leaves the blood and ultimately enters the cells, which swell like balloons to accommodate it.

Most cells have room to stretch because they are embedded in flexible tissues such as fat and muscle, but this is not the case for neurons. Brain cells are tightly packaged inside a rigid boney cage, the skull, and they have to share this space with blood and cerebrospinal fluid, explains Wolfgang Liedtke, a clinical neuroscientist at Duke University Medical Center. "Inside the skull there is almost zero room to expand and swell," he says.

Thus, brain edema, or swelling, can be disastrous. "Rapid and severe hyponatremia causes entry of water into brain cells leading to brain swelling, which manifests as seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brain stem herniation and death," explains M. Amin Arnaout, chief of nephrology at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.

Where did people get the idea that guzzling enormous quantities of water is healthful? A few years ago Heinz Valtin, a kidney specialist from Dartmouth Medical School, decided to determine if the common advice to drink eight, eight-ounce glasses of water per day could hold up to scientific scrutiny. After scouring the peer-reviewed literature, Valtin concluded that no scientific studies support the "eight x eight" dictum (for healthy adults living in temperate climates and doing mild exercise). In fact, drinking this much or more "could be harmful, both in precipitating potentially dangerous hyponatremia and exposure to pollutants, and also in making many people feel guilty for not drinking enough," he wrote in his 2002 review for the American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. And since he published his findings, Valtin says, "not a single scientific report published in a peer-reviewed publication has proven the contrary."

Most cases of water poisoning do not result from simply drinking too much water, says Joseph Verbalis, chairman of medicine at Georgetown University Medical Center. It is usually a combination of excessive fluid intake and increased secretion of vasopression (also called antidiuretic hormone), he explains. Produced by the hypothalamus and secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland, vasopressin instructs the kidneys to conserve water. Its secretion increases in periods of physical stress—during a marathon, for example—and may cause the body to conserve water even if a person is drinking excessive quantities.

Every hour, a healthy kidney at rest can excrete 800 to 1,000 milliliters, or 0.21 to 0.26 gallon, of water and therefore a person can drink water at a rate of 800 to 1,000 milliliters per hour without experiencing a net gain in water, Verbalis explains. If that same person is running a marathon, however, the stress of the situation will increase vasopressin levels, reducing the kidney's excretion capacity to as low as 100 milliliters per hour. Drinking 800 to 1,000 milliliters of water per hour under these conditions can potentially lead a net gain in water, even with considerable sweating, he says.

While exercising, "you should balance what you're drinking with what you're sweating," and that includes sports drinks, which can also cause hyponatremia when consumed in excess, Verbalis advises. "If you're sweating 500 milliliters per hour, that is what you should be drinking."


But measuring sweat output is not easy. How can a marathon runner, or any person, determine how much water to consume? As long as you are healthy and equipped with a thirst barometer unimpaired by old age or mind-altering drugs, follow Verbalis's advice, "drink to prevent your thirst. It's the best indicator."

Comments, FAQ on Water Cure Protocol

42 COMMENTS


Reply
ALCHEMYFACTORY
February 9, 2016 at 9:03 am
Is it ok to go to the bathroom first thing before drinking water ?

Reply
BIANCA
February 9, 2016 at 9:27 am
I don’t think it should make a huge difference :)

Reply
ALCHEMYFACTORY
February 10, 2016 at 6:18 am
Thanks for answering I started my first day of water therapy today.

Reply
BIANCA
February 10, 2016 at 10:04 am
You’re welcome! :)

Reply
REBECCA
February 15, 2016 at 11:43 am
Does water therapy alone cleanse acne and pimples?

Reply
BIANCA
February 16, 2016 at 11:13 am
Hi Rebecca, I’m not sure, but I would think so. Water in the morning helps me to get a clear skin for sure. :)

Reply
WINNY
April 27, 2016 at 3:01 am
Thank you for this. Very helpful! :)

Reply
BIANCA
April 27, 2016 at 12:27 pm
You’re welcome! :)

Reply
ROBERT
May 26, 2016 at 10:00 am
so every meal or snack i am not allowed to drink water for 2 hours right?

Reply
BIANCA
May 26, 2016 at 12:18 pm
Indeed, after every meal or snack, don’t eat or drink anything for 2 hours. Hope this helps!

Reply
MADUBUIKE JUDITH EZINNE
June 19, 2016 at 4:52 pm
160mls is it not much?

Reply
BIANCA
June 20, 2016 at 10:51 am
:) no, it’s just a matter of getting used to it. I drink even more than that. Hope this helps!

Reply
ROSHAN GANGMEI
July 14, 2016 at 9:36 am
Do we need little intake of salt before drinking water

Reply
BIANCA
July 14, 2016 at 2:55 pm
You can add salt in your water, but that is a different therapy. In this therapy just water is advised. However, I drink lemon water in the morning and switch later on to normal water.

Reply
ROSHAN GANGMEI
July 14, 2016 at 9:39 am
Is there anything to add in the water

Reply
BIANCA
July 14, 2016 at 2:54 pm
Hi Roshan!
no, just water :)

Reply
STEPHEN
August 2, 2016 at 4:44 pm
Hi,
I’m a racing cyclist and it’s important for me to hydrate, so waiting for hours after breakfast before taking in more fluids seems counter intuitive. Can you explain a way there may be around this?
Steve

Reply
BIANCA
August 4, 2016 at 10:52 am
Hi Stephen,
You could drink more fluids to get started or wake up earlier to drink the fluids so you can have breakfast and go out to cycle.
Hope this helps! :)

Reply
JOSEPH
August 17, 2016 at 9:18 pm
Hello!
Firstly, thanks for your articles. I just found this site and I’m already loving it haha
Quick question, could this method be done with lemon water instead of normal water or what would you suggest to mix these two morning routines?

Reply
BIANCA
August 24, 2016 at 2:04 pm
Hi Joseph,
Thank you! This water therapy is with water alone. You can do this for a period and then switch to the normal lemon water in the morning again.
Hope this helps!

Reply
CRAIG COLQUITT
August 20, 2016 at 6:46 pm
I am 62 and started the Japanese water treatment today, 8/20/16. At 60 yrs of age I began to noticed significant aches, general fatigue(naps may become my norm) and mood flux. I am a former punter with the NFL that didn’t suffer many injuries but enough to spend years trying it all.
Now I’ve stopped alcohol, accepting what I cannot change and reading good material like yours is the right pattern. (Stopping alcohol changed my moods and sleep patterns for the better.) I will report back after 30 days my findings on the Japanese water treatment. Stand by.

Reply
BIANCA
August 24, 2016 at 2:03 pm
Hope to hear soon from you! :)

Reply
BETH
September 16, 2016 at 3:40 pm
Is this can help to lose weight? And is this okay for a breastfeeding mum?

Reply
BIANCA
September 16, 2016 at 3:48 pm
Hi Beth,
Yes, it can but it depends on many more different factors. Loosing weight comes down to what you don’t eat, how active you are and if your hormones are balanced for example. Since you’re breastfeeding I would not recommend a diet or anything to lose weight quickly (a lot) since breast feeding on its own takes a lot from the mother. But I don’t know anything about how you eat and live so please consider this as a general advice. You can always email me if you need more help.
Warm regards,
Bianca

Reply
LEOBERT MASAGANDA
September 18, 2016 at 4:07 pm
i’m 24years old and having a condition called “scrotal hemangioma”. i have undergone to a surgery last july 9, 2016. i noticed that the condition stated above is beginning to come back again on my balls. does the water therapy can help? im using ozonated water. hope you can help me.

Reply
BIANCA
September 19, 2016 at 11:00 am
I’m sorry to read this Leobert. Unfortunately, I can’t give personal medical advise in the comment section.
Best,
Bianca

Reply
DANIEL
September 26, 2016 at 2:30 pm
Hello All
Thanks so much for the water therapy. It’s helping me a lot.
Please I take 1.5 liters in the morning before brushing teeth. Is this advisable?
How much liters can one take in a day
Thanks once again.
Daniel

Reply
BIANCA
September 27, 2016 at 5:44 pm
Hi Daniel,
That’s good to hear.
I would recommend to stick to the recommended amount of liters per day for this therapy.
How much water you can drink per day depends on how much you weight, and how active you are. Normally around 1900 ml per day.
Hope this helps.
Best,
Bianca

Reply
LEAH MARIE
October 17, 2016 at 2:59 am
Hello Guys,
I’ve been following this procedure- the Japanese Water Therapy since 2011. It does good to my health, I proved it to myself thus I recommend it to all my friends specially those who are suffering from dysmenorrhea and gastric problem. The mentioned complaint were my problems before. Amazingly, I didn’t suffer from it anymore. I used to brought always with me at work Aluminum hydroxide and the likes for my gastritis. Thanks to my old work mate’s fb friend who shared Japanese Water Therapy so then I followed it. This therapy is really true. Thanks for sharing them Bianca!!
Have a healthy life guys!! It’s a matter of commitment to yourself.. Good luck!!

Reply
BIANCA
October 17, 2016 at 11:04 am
Thank you so much for sharing your experience with me :)
Best,
Bianca

Reply
KITENI BUMALOM
October 22, 2016 at 12:52 am
started water theraphy this morning will update after 30 days.

Reply
KITENI BUMALOM
October 22, 2016 at 12:53 am
add me will update after 30 days

Reply
DEXTER
October 23, 2016 at 6:20 am
Hello everyone.
Back in 2010. I had gouty arthritis, high blood pressure, overweight at 98 kilograms for a 5’9″ height, arrhythmias, bad eye vision and a daily bleeding hemorrhoids. I was about to have a surgey for that but i refused to be cut so i research and tried this Japanese Water Therapy. After 2 weeks my bleeding stopped and the rest eventually were gone too in less than 6 months. Now i weigh 77 kilograms. Thanking the Japanese people.

Reply
BIANCA
October 24, 2016 at 10:25 am
Hi Dexter, thank you for sharing this :)

Reply
SARDAR AURANGZEB KRALALL
November 4, 2016 at 11:38 am
hi guys i am using this water therapy since 2006 and it is very help full no sickness no illness no weakness no obessity no hbp no lbp no gastrict probem no eye sight weekness no kidney problem drink daily and enjoy healthy life.
no flue also

Reply
BIANCA
November 4, 2016 at 12:31 pm
That is very nice to read! Thank you for sharing your experience with me!

Reply
SABA
November 4, 2016 at 8:23 pm
Hi …should I boil the water the night before n drink it in the morning or just drink regular filter water ?

Reply
BIANCA
November 4, 2016 at 10:18 pm
Hi Saba,
I think this is a personal preference. Filtered water is fine :)
Best,
Bianca

Reply
MICHAEL
November 9, 2016 at 1:59 am
Hi i am starting the water therapy in the morning. I seen in earlier comments that intake should be around 1900ml a day is the water you drink in morning included in that?

Reply
BIANCA
November 9, 2016 at 11:25 pm
Hi Michael,
The amount of water you drink per day varies per person, but yes the water in the morning is included :)
Best,
Bianca

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FLORENCE MAY ESPINA
November 27, 2016 at 3:57 am
is this applicable also for children? i have 4 ,9 and 10 yr old kiddos… can i let them do this too? Thanks!

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BIANCA
November 27, 2016 at 8:21 pm
Hi Florence,
To be honest, I’m not sure and I think the amounts of water should be very much reduced for their weight/length.