CAFFEINATED DRINKS CAUSE DEHYDRATION

CAFFEINATED DRINKS CAUSE DEHYDRATION?

The hydrationist, Professor Armstrong from the University of Connecticut, talks about whether caffeinated drinks cause dehydration.

"It’s interesting that in the 1930’s there was a small study done on medical students that showed that when they consumed caffeinated drinks, their output of urine for a few hours increased. However, the researchers in that study did not investigate total body water and did not look at markers of hydration status. So, to counter that study, about eight years ago university students were studied in our laboratory in the United States. We looked at the question of what would happen if 500 mg of caffeine were consumed each day, or about half of that amount, roughly 250 mg. Or if 0 mg of caffeine were consumed each day. And indeed we found by looking at over 20 biomarkers of hydration state, that they were not dehydrated. This explains why we don’t see millions of people in emergency rooms of hospitals who are dehydrated because they consumed caffeinated beverages. So in my opinion, it is a myth that caffeinated drinks cause dehydration."

Singapore Today Healthcare Costs and Financing (Public Hospital-Medical Specialities)

Public Hospitals - Medical Specialties 

Room Type	Class B1 (3-4-bedded)
Hospitals*	Average Per Day ($)	Average Total Bill ($)	Total Bill at 90th Percentile	Total Bill at 95th Percentile
AH	-	-	-	-
CGH	874	4,887	10,389	15,810
KTPH	916	4,559	8,978	13,278
KKH	686	1,499	2,558	3,462
NUH	997	4,370	10,845	17,277
NTFGH	780	2,830	6,176	10,867
SGH	1,094	5,609	10,964	17,097
TTSH	902	7,876	18,334	28,041
NHC	3,140	10,536	26,012	30,344

Room Type	Class B2+ (5-bedded)
Hospitals*	Average Per Day ($)	Average Total Bill ($)	Total Bill at 90th Percentile	Total Bill at 95th Percentile
AH	-	-	-	-
CGH	-	-	-	-
KTPH	-	-	-	-
KKH	418	1,018	1,697	2,293
NUH	-	-	-	-
NTFGH	-	-	-	-
SGH	512	2,816	5,608	9,582
TTSH	-	-	-	-
NHC	-	-	-	-

Room Type	Class B2 (6-10-bedded)
Hospitals*	Average Per Day ($)	Average Total Bill ($)	Total Bill at 90th Percentile	Total Bill at 95th Percentile
AH	192	3,380	6,494	10,389
CGH	323	2,081	4,265	5,987
KTPH	406	2,098	4,374	6,381
KKH	389	970	1,442	2,322
NUH	430	2,204	4,575	6,683
NTFGH	314	1,178	2,354	3,434
SGH	439	2,498	4,896	7,697
TTSH	355	2,327	5,095	7,796
NHC	943	3,292	8,100	10,520

Room Type	Class C (Open Ward)
Hospitals*	Average Per Day ($)	Average Total Bill ($)	Total Bill at 90th Percentile	Total Bill at 95th Percentile
AH	129	2,558	5,099	7,306
CGH	229	2,047	4,231	5,970
KTPH	274	2,195	4,508	6,224
KKH	342	2,042	3,213	8,111
NUH	318	2,295	4,398	6,593
NTFGH	205	1,012	1,988	2.973
SGH	319	2,599	5,192	8,466
TTSH	227	2,517	5,478	8,338
NHC	725	3,457	8,036	10,255

Notes:

1. Data in respect of public and private hospitals are based on Medisave claims submitted by the hospitals.  The data include doctors' charges.    
2. The comparison only serves as a guide and has not been standardised for the different range of medical specialities in each hospital.    
3. Medical Specialties include Cardiology, General Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, Paediatrics Medicine,  Neonatology, Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, etc     
4. Average per day = total amount of inpatient bills/total number of days stayed in hospital (day surgery bills are not included).

1. Hospitals, medical and dental clinics may reproduce this table for distribution to their patients.
2. * AH: Alexandra Hospital, CGH: Changi General Hospital, KTPH: Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, KKH: KK Women's & Children's Hospital, NUH: National University Hospital, SGH: Singapore General Hospital, TTSH: Tan Tock Seng Hospital, NHC: National Heart Centre. 
3. With effect from 2008, only Singapore Citizens are included in the computation of  Public Hospital inpatient bill sizes due to the revision of subsidy for non-citizens.
    

Last updated on 22 Jul 2016

Average Hospital Inpatient Bill Size Table
Public Hospitals - Medical Specialties (Jan 2015 - Dec 2015)

Room Type	Class A (1-bedded)
Hospitals*	Average Per Day ($)	Average Total Bill ($)	Total Bill at 90th Percentile	Total Bill at 95th Percentile
AH	-	-	-	-
CGH	1,154	6,389	14,786	20,113
KTPH	1,142	5,686	11,159	15,661
KKH	851	2,210	3,759	5,231
NUH	1,312	5,278	13,072	20,375
NTFGH	1,197	3,844	6,626	11,485
SGH	1,412	7,090	14,192	24,609
TTSH	1,269	7,459	15,464	24,873
NHC	4,142	13,140	31,016	35,725

Global Medical Tourism (GMT)

About Singapore Air Ambulance Operator (only 2 Companies):

1. Pacific Flight Services (PFS)

2. Lifeflight Australia Limited.

1.

Company Profile

Primary Contact Information

PACIFIC FLIGHT SERVICES
600 WEST CAMP ROAD
SINGAPORE, Singapore 797546
Tel: 65 8484 5168 (24H MEDEVAC), 65 9386 7066 (24H EXEC CHARTERING) • Fax: 65 6482-1727
Email: pacific@stengg.com
http://www.staero.aero/pfs.htm

Qualifications
Established: 1991          
Fleet: 3          
Pilots: 12 full time

Home Base: SINGAPORE, Seletar Air Hub.
Aircraft Type:LR-45 (LEARJET 45)
Category : Mid Jet Seats 7 (or Ambulance) Est.Price Per Hour : N/A Aircraft Type:G-150 (GULFSTREAM 150)
Category : Mid Jet Seats 7 (or Ambulance) Est. Price Per Hour : N/A Aircraft Type: LR-35A (LEARJET 35A)

Category : Light Jet
Seats 8 (or Ambulance)
Est. Price Per Hour : N/A


2. LIFEFLIGHT AUSTRALIA LIMITED

Company Profile

Primary Contact Information

LIFEFLIGHT AUSTRALIA LIMITED
LEVEL 1 160 ROBINA TOWN CENTRE DRIVE
ROBINA - QUEENSLAND, Australia 4226
Tel: 61 07 5553 5955 (24/7) • Fax: 61 07 5553 5965
Email: ops@lifeflight.org.au
http://www.lifeflight.org.au

Qualifications

Established: 1981          Fleet: 3          Pilots: 18 full time                     

 

WSSL - SINGAPORE, Singapore Aircraft Type Category Seats Est. Price Per Hour   CL-604 (CHALLENGER 604) Heavy Jet 12 (or Ambulance) N/A YBBN - BRISBANE, Australia Aircraft Type Category Seats Est. Price Per Hour   LR-45 (LEARJET 45) Mid Jet 6 (or Ambulance) N/A YBTL - TOWNSVILLE, Australia Aircraft Type Category Seats Est. Price Per Hour   LR-45 (LEARJET 45) Mid Jet 6 (or Ambulance) N/A

   

Quantum Doctor

What is a quantum doctor? A quantum doctor is a practitioner of medicine who knows the fallacies of the Newtonian classical physics-based deterministic worldview that was discarded in physics many decades ago. 

A quantum doctor is grounded in the world-view of the new physics, also called quantum physics. 

And there is more. Quantum doctors bring the message of quantum physics alive in their practice of medicine.


Consciousness comes first


You may wonder: What difference does a worldview make in the practice of medicine? In contrast to the classical physics world-view in which the world is seen as a mechanical, determined machine, we cannot even make sense of quantum physics unless we ground it in the primacy of consciousness: Consciousness comes first; it is the ground of all being. 

Everything else, including matter, is a possibility of consciousness. And consciousness chooses out of these possibilities all the events we experience.


Now do you see? Physicians of the old ilk of classical physics aficionados practice machine medicine, designed for machines (that is the picture of the patient in the classical worldview) and by machines (the physicians who are self-avowed machines). 

And make no mistake about it, the medicine that the patient gets, allopathic medicine, is also of a mechanical nature, with chemical drugs, mechanical surgery or organ transplant, and energy radiation. 

A quantum doctor, on the other hand, practices conscious medicine designed for people, not machines. What conscious medicine prescribes includes the mechanical but extends also to the domains of vitality and meaning, even love. And most important, as practitioners of conscious medicine the quantum doctors bring consciousness to their practice.


Admittedly, the quantum doctor is right now only an idea developed in this article, an idea you are probably reading about for the first time. But if the idea is here, and as I will show, it is an idea with much integrative power, can the manifestation of the idea be far behind? In fact, a partial manifestation of the idea is age-old and continues to the present era.


I am talking about practitioners of what today is called alternative or complementary medicine, including the age-old systems of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda (developed in India), spiritual healing, the more recent homeopathy, and the very recent mind-body medicine. 

Alternative medicine practitioners go partway toward being quantum doctors. Their medical systems are designed for conscious beings, and they do have more dimensions than the mechanical. Unfortunately, alternative medicine practitioners suffer from considerable amounts of worldview confusion.


Machine medicine


Although our culture promotes the ‘great’ advancements of machine medicine all the time, still many people are disillusioned with it. Partly, it is because we all miss the conscious human touch that we expect from a healer. 

Partly, it is because, its ‘miracles’ notwithstanding’, allopathic medicine doesn’t work well for the bulk of our day-to-day medical problems – the chronic ailments, for example. And it is because machine medicine and mechanical procedures are very expensive.


So although the machinists in medicine are openly scornful of alternative practices, alternative medicine is gaining in popularity. Unfortunately, this only aggravates the reaction of the conventional allopathic practitioners. 

Before, allopaths could afford benign neglect. But now, as their bread and butter is threatened, for many of them it is all-out war against alternative medicine. Alternative medicine is voodoo medicine, they declare.


If the world is machine, mind is machine, and even the soul is machine, as some observers contend, then how can anything but machine medicine have any validity?


Alternative medicine practitioners also strike back. Let’s note just two of their criticisms. Allopathic drugs have harmful side effects, they point out. Why should we unnecessarily poison the body? 

Allopathic procedures such as vaccinations administered when we are children weaken the immune system so much that we become more vulnerable to disease later in life. Why should we accept such procedures without questioning them?

Can’t we end this war?


We all are interested in health and healing, in our physical well-being. We all search for it when we don’t have it. But with the sharp division of medicine into two camps – conventional and alternative – it is increasingly difficult to choose the proper healing method when we need it. 

What criteria should we use for such a choice? Is a combination of healing techniques better than any one technique? 

What should we do to maintain our health, to prevent disease in the first place? Can we heal ourselves without any physical or chemical instruments of healing?


The answers to such questions depend on whom you ask. Are at least some of the stories of spontaneous healing true? Some experts answer yes. But is spontaneous healing accessible to all of us? Experts from some medical traditions nod yes, while others stubbornly shake their heads no.


When we are middle-aged or old, are we to feel fortunate if we suffer from only a few chronic diseases, without any major life-threatening illness? Should we accept stress and lack of vitality as the price we must pay for modern living? 

Maybe so, some experts say. Why is economics such an important consideration for health and healing? We are sorry, say the experts. Is medicine only about pathology? 

Can we not strive for positive health where vitality and well-being reign supreme? We don’t know, say the experts.


Truth is, we cannot begin to answer such questions with much credibility without developing an integral paradigm that embraces all medical systems that have adequate clinical data to support their efficacy. We must end the current confusion of paradigms that pervades medicine.


Never fear, the quantum doctor is here. The quantum doctor, like his or her worldview, is integrative. And I am convinced that when medicine is formulated within the integral metaphysics of the primacy of consciousness, conventional (allopathic) medicine and alternative medicine can be reconciled. 

Not only that, their different domains of applicability, even their interrelationships, will be clearly understood.


An inclusive paradigm


But if you want to build an inclusive paradigm, how do you join contradictory philosophies? You need an inclusive philosophy. 

This inclusive philosophy – a metaphysics based on the primacy of consciousness in this age of science – is the gift of quantum physics and is the philosophy of the quantum doctor. 

In quantum physics, what we normally perceive as ‘things’ are seen to be not things; instead they are seen to be possibilities for consciousness to choose from. This single idea has the potency to integrate all the disparate philosophies underlying the different schools of medicine. 

And more. It has the potency to validate your particular search for healing and show you how to achieve it.

This article was written by Amit Goswami,
**********
Matters of the heart and Straight from the Heart

by A. Shrikumar

Squeezing a wedge of lemon into a glass of warm water, Dr. B.M. Hegde says, “It’s the best medicine for an acidic stomach. You don’t have to run to the hospital for every ailment.” “Not even for blocks in your heart,” he asserts. “Blocks in arteries are common,” he points out.

The leading cardiologist also notes that in reality there has not been even one per cent absolute increase in the rate of heart attacks. It is a plain hype, he says and calls it a labelling error. 

Unfortunately, every chest pain is dubbed as angina and every block is labelled coronary disease,” declares Dr.Hegde.

“Anybody who walks into a hospital with complaints of chest pain is made to undergo angiogram whereas there is a need to understand heart blocks,” he says. “Blocks happen when you are young and as they grow, nature provides bypasses through collateral vessels. This is called pre-conditioning the heart.” 

Dr. Hegde believes that any individual who sees a doctor for medical help becomes a patient. “Once you get caught in the whirlwind, you continue to remain a patient.”
The veteran cardiologist has been known for making bold statements on the dark side of medical industry. “When I was a student, I questioned how can cholesterol be bad if it’s made by our body. Forty years ago, I wrote that cholesterol is a counter by the body to increasing stress levels. I said coconut oil is the best oil for the heart at the American College of Cardiology Meet long ago.”

“The flaw of today’s approach to treatment is that the human body is seen as a car machine which can be repaired part by part. Whereas, the human body is a whole entity and should be treated in entirety. How else can one explain the side-effect of drugs used to treat one organ, affecting the other organs?” he asks.
Author of over 40 books, Dr.Hegde also supports alternative forms of medicine like Ayurveda. Quoting Sanskrit texts from Ayurveda, he explains how any treatment ought to be holistic.
“Ayurveda has unfortunately been relegated to back seat, in spite of being traditional and rich form of medical treatment,” he says.

“Health is about the environment you live in and the mind is the environment of the body. It’s not what you eat but what eats you (the thoughts) kills you,” he says. “The key is to cultivate positive thoughts and surround yourself with positive emotions. Quantam healing is the new method of healing. Your mind can heal you.” He suggests the book Quantum Doctor by Amit Goswami.

Dr.Hegde opposes the burgeoning fitness craze among the young urbane crowd driven by the belief that fitness leads to good health.
“Health is in the mind and fitness is in the muscle. These are two different things but often confused as one. If someone is fit to run a marathon doesn’t mean he/she is fit to live a healthy life.” “Health is not even absence of disease, as all of us have diseases. We all will have over 100 cancer cells at any given time, but they don’t become clinical cancer as they die on their own.”

Quoting a sloka from Ayurveda, Dr.Hegde defines health as the enthusiasm to work and love. “Keep the enthusiasm in you alive, nurture positivity and cull negativity and you are healthy”, is his simple mantra.

Dr.Hegde practises what he calls ‘Coordinated medicine’, that’s futuristic and meta treatment. “I take elements from various genres of medicine. For instance, I take emergency care and corrective surgery from modern medicine. I don’t prescribe too many drugs and treat patients unnecessarily.” Calling modern medical treatment as ‘exclusive’ and ‘reductionist’, Hegde comes down heavily on the trial-and-error method of slapping scans, drugs and tests on patients. “I have come up with suggestions of a new definition of health and the concept of whole person healing instead of organ healing, both of which have been accepted by the Institute of Medicine.”

As a vegetarian, Dr.Hegde suggests following traditionally made and locally grown food. “One should eat what their ancestors ate. To eat Mediterranean food in Madurai will not suit your body. Eat the locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables and follow recipes that have been there for generations.” A veteran doctor that he is, Hegde says every doctor should unfailingly follow ethics since they deal with human lives.”

Dr.Hegde was in the city to deliver a guest lecture on ‘Spirituality and Health’ at the Madurai Readers’ Club.

Lose Weight With VIBRATIONS?

Machines like this one which vibrate your body while you stand on it or exercise on it have been touted by gyms as fat-busters. Doctors give their take on their effectiveness and warn that long-term use may lead to nerve and organ damage

Yes, vibration works to help you lose fat and weight – but only if you exercise and follow a sensible diet as well.

The vibration plate machine, which has a platform that vibrates while the person stands on it, has been making its presence felt in workout studios and even homes here.

Since one brand called Power Plate was first sold here six years ago, the number of dedicated Power Plate studios here has grown to six, while that of gyms that stock these machines has risen to 10, said its sole distributor Positive Impact.

It has also sold more than 300 such machines to individuals. Each costs between $5,000 and $23,000, depending on the size of the machine.

Health and wellness retail company Oto has also developed a machine based on whole body vibration. A spokesman said it has sold 25,000 units of the FLABeLOS, at $1,198 each, to individuals here since 2007.

The Power Plate studios combine pilates, kickboxing and core, stretch, toning and cardiovascular exercises with the vibration plate machine. Classes cost between $25 per group session and $90 for a one-to-one session. Each session typically lasts 40 to 45 minutes.

The principle behind this is something called “acceleration training”, in which you need a shorter amount of time to burn the same amount of calories.

Exercising on a vibration plate may also have positive effects on strength, stability and bone density, said doctors and Power Plate master trainer Tay Koon Hua.

This can be helpful for, say, those who have been injured. Exercise on the vibration plate is low-impact and lets them build up their injured muscles or joints, they added.

So far, at least two recent studies have shown that it does lead to increased fat loss.

But there are caveats. Furthermore, no long-term studies on the safety of whole body vibration exercise beyond eight months have been done yet.

BUILDING MUSCLE MASS

Medical and physiotherapy experts interviewed said standing on a vibration plate subjects the body to many small vibrations per second.

This causes the small muscles in the whole body to contract more and the tendons and ligaments to stretch more than when a person is standing on stable ground. This is because the body has to adjust constantly to the motion.

This helps build up muscle mass, strength and flexibility, said the medical experts.

Muscle cells burn more calories than other cells because they are responsible for all movements, including subtle ones such as blinking.

So the increased muscle mass will help the body to burn more calories, leading to the loss of fat.

Dr Daniel Wai, director of the obesity and metabolic unit at Singapore General Hospital, said: “The actual amount of calories burnt after one hour of such exercise (on a vibrating plate) is only around 100calories, but as muscles are built up, it helps increase the amount of energy we burn in the resting state.”

Dr Roger Tian, consultant sports physician and deputy medical director at the Singapore Sports Medicine Centre, said exercising on an unstable platform, such as the vibration plate, increases muscle use as the body tries to maintain stability.

This additional muscle use increases expenditure of calories.

Mr Tay, 39, a former physical education teacher who owns a dedicated Power Plate studio and has shares in Positive Impact, said the machine will increase exercise intensity in two ways.

It helps the body to use more than 90 per cent of its muscles. It also increases the gravitational force by two to six times when a person works out on it. Hence, it will be more difficult for a person to perform exercises on the plate than on the ground.

He said: “As more energy is needed to perform the same exercise, more calories are burnt on the vibrating plate.”

For these reasons, more body fat is lost when whole body vibration training is added to a diet or exercise regimen than either programme on its own or together, two studies have shown.

Both studies – one in Belgium and the other in the United States – were done by doctors and published in peer-reviewed journals.

In the Belgian study on 79 overweight patients published last year, doctors looked at the effect of long-term whole body vibration training on visceral fat.

Visceral fat is the fat surrounding the organs in the abdomen. Abdominal fat is made up of visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, which lies between the skin and the abdominal wall.

The patients were randomly divided into four groups. The first group received a low-calorie diet only, the second dieted and did traditional fitness training, including cardiovascular and weight exercises, the third dieted and followed a progressive Power Plate machine training programme, while the fourth was the control group.

After six months, the group which dieted and followed a Power Plate fitness regimen showed the largest percentage drop in body weight and in visceral fat.

Those in the diet and traditional fitness groups showed a slightly smaller decrease in both measurements, while the control group had no significant change.

In measurements taken at the end of the year-long study, after all participants had returned to their usual lifestyle, the group which exercised on the Power Plate machines was found to have maintained the amount of fat loss. However, the diet and fitness groups had reverted to their initial fat level.

The results were similar in the US study on 55 post-menopausal women, published in 2009. It compared the effects of no exercise, resistance training only and resistance training with whole body vibration.

At the end of eight months, the women who did not exercise gained 1.8 per cent of body fat, while those who did only resistance training lost 1.6 per cent and those who did both types of exercise lost 3 per cent.

RISK OF INTERNAL INJURY

The same effect of burning more calories can be achieved without a vibration plate, said Dr Tian. A person can simply increase the duration or speed of his workout, he said.

Ms Loy Yijun, a senior physiotherapist at National University Hospital’s centre for obesity management and surgery, said whole body vibration therapy alone would probably not lead to weight loss.

Her view is that vibration therapy aims to elicit a similar or superior response to resistance exercises by stimulating muscle reflexes and contractions.

Even if more fat is lost, a person’s cardiovascular fitness may not be significantly improved.

The limitation primarily arises from the lack of a cardiovascular workout, which is essential to burning calories, she said.

Moreover, it is important to realise that vibration plate exercise may result in potential harmful effects, doctors said.

Adjunct Associate Professor Hee Hwan Tak, an orthopaedic surgeon at Singapore Medical Group, said: “This exercise should be done with caution in the elderly or those with balance issues, for fear of falls.”

Soft tissues and body organs could be harmed by long-term vibration. For example, workers using vibration tools such as road drills can suffer from nerve damage to the hands due to chronic vibration. This is called “vibration white finger” disease.

It is not known if long-term use of vibration plate machines will create similar problems.

Dr Wai said: “We do not have studies that last longer than eight months, so do keep in mind that long-term safety is unclear.”


Evaluation of Human Response under
Vibration Condition
Hon Keung Yau, Bing Lam Luk, Sum Sang Chan

Abstract - The purpose of this study is to
investigate the human response under different
vibration frequencies. A total of nine
frequencies (1.6, 2.0, 2.5, 3.15, 4.0, 5.0, 6.3, 8.0
and 10.0Hz) were chosen as stimuli for testing in
the experiment. In this experiment, two tests
were conducted: Comparative Test and Feet Supporting
Test. Ten males and ten females were invited to
participate in the experiment. The major
findings revealed that (i) the uncomfortable
feeling increases with an increase of vibration
frequency, (ii) the feet support does have better
influence to the feeling of comfort for females
than males.

Index Terms – comparative test, human
response, supporting test, vibration

Manuscript received November 15, 2011.
H. K. Yau is with the Department of Systems Engineering and
Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong (corresponding author to provide phone:
852-34426158, Fax: 852-34420173. 

B. L. Luk is with the Department of Mechanical and
Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong,
Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

S. S. Chan was with the Department of Mechanical
and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong
Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong .

I. INTRODUCTION
In Hong Kong, most people take the public
transport to various destinations like schools and
offices every day. Common vibrations we can
experience come mainly from the uneven road,
changing of speed, sound produced when a sudden
stop of the bus and train, etc, and these vibrations
can cause damages to us. Different vibrations can
cause different levels of uncomfortable feeling on
males and females. Some past studies have
investigated how vibration affected working
efficiency, safety and health [5]. However, few
studies investigated the gender differences, if any,
in the human response under different vibration
frequencies. Therefore, we fill this research gap in
this study.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Vibration interferes with people’s working
efficiency, safety and health [5]. It also causes
discomfort, fatigue and physical pain [3]. Our
health are affected if the strength of vibration is
too large or the duration of vibration is too long
[1]. Past research results showed that feeling of
discomfort increases when the frequency increases
[8]. 5Hz is the resonance frequency for whole-body vibration.
It was also shown that the spine, inner organs and muscle are in
resonance when vibration frequency reaches 8Hz [6], [7]. The
feeling of discomfort increases even higher when more than one
organ of our body are in resonance. The thigh’s stiffness

can only affect little on the feeling of discomfort during vibration [7] while the tensed posture can increase
our stiffness and decrease the feeling of discomfort [4]. In
addition, the posture of tensed upper body
increases the stiffness of body so as to
increase the resonance frequency [2]. Due to
the resonance of spine and inner organs, the
uncomfortable index increases rapidly [6].
Besides, the uncomfortable feeling is much
worse than the relax pose or even cause
damage to our back if the vibration strength
reaches the resonance frequency [3].
III. RESEARCH METHOD
A. Participants
Twenty people (10 males and 10 females)
were invited to participate in the experiment.
They were of average age 21.95 years,
168.1cm tall and 59.1kg weight.
B. Design of experiment
To acquire the data, the following two tests were
conducted:
(i) Comparative test
(ii) Feet supporting test
(i) Comparative Test
 Method of magnitude estimation
1. To take the stimulus of 5Hz as a reference
2. Try other stimuli
3. Give an uncomfortable index comparing with the
reference stimulus
(ii)Feet Supporting Test
 Method of magnitude estimation
1. Try stimulus without feet support/upper body
relax as a reference stimulus
2. Try the same stimulus with feet support/ upper
body tensed
3. Give uncomfortable index comparing to the
reference stimulus
C. Experiment procedure
For the comparative test, participants were
tested under different vibration frequencies to
analyse discomfort effect at different frequencies.
If the test did not mention about the posture, then
the posture was assumed as upper body relax
without feet support. As many literatures pointed
out that 5Hz was the first starting resonance
frequency, a comparative test referencing at 5Hz
was carried out. Firstly, the participants were
asked to take a stimulus of 5Hz for 4 seconds and a
random selected frequency for another 4 seconds.
After the testing of the two stimuli, participants
were asked to fill in an uncomfortable index survey
as 100 was the mark for 5Hz. For example, if the
participant felt that the selected frequency caused
half uncomfortable feeling compared to that at 5Hz,
then he/she should fill in 50. If they think the
uncomfortable feeling is twice, they should fill in
200. Through the test, we could see whether there
were any differences between the male and
female’s responses at the same vibration level.
For the feet supporting test, participants were
exposed under all vibration frequencies with feet
support for 30 seconds. After that, they were asked
to fill in the uncomfortable index survey.
The test and frequency sequence was
randomized and counterbalanced across trials but
each pair of males and females was under the same
sequence for the analysis of difference in males
and females.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

(a) Comparative test

Table I: Results of Comparative test
Frequency Index combination

Index male

Index female

1.6Hz 32.25 43 21.5
2.0Hz 39 48 30
2.5Hz 42.75 52 33.5
3.15Hz 62.5 70 55
4Hz 80 82.5 77.5
6.3Hz 117.25 119 115.5
8Hz 144.5 144 145
10Hz 184.5 183 186 

From the Table I, the correlation between
uncomfortable index and frequency for male
and female participants are 0.999 and 0.998,
respectively. Feeling of discomfort basically
increased when the frequency increased. This
finding is consistent with the results of Subashi
et al. [8]. Feelings of both males and females were similar
after the resonance frequency 5Hz. The feeling of
discomfort started to increase obviously at 5Hz. That
may be due to the appearance of resonance since 5Hz
which was mentioned by many researchers as the
resonance frequency for whole-body vibration [6], [7]. As
the resonance frequency will make participants feel more
uncomfortable than other frequencies, the feeling may
become similar for both males and females. There is a
large difference for the response of male respondents than
females for all frequencies except 10Hz. Besides, the
difference between males and females in response became
smaller after 5Hz, we can estimate that the vibration
strength may be too large to make both male and female
feel very uncomfortable, so that the response of males and
females are similar after 5Hz. Therefore, it can be
concluded that the resonance made the response in males
and females become similar after 5Hz. At 8Hz and 10Hz,
the uncomfortable feeling increased rapidly, the
uncomfortable index for 10Hz was almost twice of 5Hz.
That may be due to the resonance of our organs. The spine,
inner organs and muscle was in resonance when the
frequency reached 8Hz [6]. If more than one organ of our
body were in resonance, the feeling of discomfort
increased even higher.

(b) Feet Supporting Test

Table II: Results of feet support test

Frequency Index combination

Index male

Index female

1.6Hz 97.5 95 100
2.0Hz 96.5 98 95
2.5Hz 88.5 92 85
3.15Hz 89.25 90 88.5
4Hz 81.5 87 76
5Hz 80.75 84 77.5
6.3Hz 79 84 74
8Hz 72 82 62
10Hz 74.5 88 61

From the results (Table II), we noted that the
feet support does have better influence to the
feeling of comfort for females than males. The
correlation coefficients for males and females are
0.708 and 0.994 respectively. The uncomfortable
index keeps on decreasing when the frequency
increases up to 5Hz for females. This indicates that
the feet support can help to reduce the feeling of
discomfort. We also noted that the uncomfortable
index for females is lower at almost all frequencies
in the condition of using feet support. That may be
due to the difference in strength of buttock for
male and female. Besides, the feet support can decrease
the feeling of discomfort. As mentioned by some
researchers [7], the thigh’s stiffness will affect little
on the feeling of discomfort during vibration. Instead,
tensed posture can increase our stiffness and decrease the
feeling of uncomfortable [4]. Therefore, the difference
in response between male and female becomes
more obvious after 5Hz. Also, the variation of
uncomfortable index at the same frequency is quite
similar for both male and female as shown from the
table 2. The difference in response between males
and females become most significant at 8Hz and
10Hz. The figure shows a significant difference
between male and female at 8Hz and 10Hz. The
uncomfortable index keeps on decreasing but rising
at 10Hz for males, it may be due to the resonance
in organs as mentioned from the comparative test
[6]. But the feet support test is not suitable for all
people as some participants claimed that the feet
support will make them feel more uncomfortable at
some frequencies.

V. CONCLUSION
A series of human factors experiments
concerning the human response under different
vibration conditions was conducted in this study. It
was concluded that the uncomfortable feeling
increased with the increase of vibration frequency.
The difference in response for males and females is 
not significant after 5Hz. Also, the feet
support was more useful for females than
males. It seemed that feet support provided
more help to females than males especially at
8Hz and 10Hz. It may be due to the difference
in strength of buttock because the feet support
increased the loading of the buttock.

REFERENCES
[1] C.M. Byung, C.C. Soon and J.P. Se., “Automatic responses
of young passengers contingent to the speed and driving
model of a vehicle,” Int J Ind Ergon Vol. 29, pp. 187-198,
2002.

[2] Y. Huang, and M.J. Griffin, “Effect of voluntary periodic
muscular activity on nonlinearity in the apparent mass of the
seated human body during vertical random whole-body
vibration,” Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 298, pp. 824-
840, 2006.

[3] J.Z. Liu, M. Kubo, and H. Aoki, “A study on the difference
of human sensation evaluation to whole body vibration in
sitting and lying postures,” Appl Hum Sci, Vol. 14, pp. 219 –
226, 1995.

[4] Y. Matsumoto, and M.J. Griffin, “Non-linear characteristics
in the dynamic responses of seated subjects exposed to
vertical whole-body vibration,” Journal of Biomechanical
Engineering Vol. 124, pp. 527-532, 2002.

[5] R.W. Mcleod, and M.J. Griffin, “Mechanical vibration
included interference with manual control performance,”
Ergonomics Vol. 38, pp. 1431-1444, 1995.

[6] Mester, Spitzepfeil, and Yue., “Vibration Loads: Potential for
strength and Power development”, 2003

[7] N. Nawayseh and M.J. Griffin, “Non-linear dual-axis
biodynamic response to vertical whole-body vibration,”
Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 268, pp. 503–523, 2002.

[8] G.H.M.J. Subashia, and N. Nawaysehb, Y. Matsumotoa, and
M.J. Griffin, (2008). “Nonlinear subjective and dynamic
responses of seated subjects exposed to horizontal wholebody
vibration,” Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 321,
pp. 416–434, 2008 .

CAROLINE MYSS: 7 MYTHS AND 7 TRUTHS ABOUT HEALING

CAROLINE MYSS: 7 MYTHS AND 7 TRUTHS ABOUT HEALING

SuperSoul Sessions.

30 years ago, Caroline Myss was pursuing a career in publishing when she became a medical intuitive. “I did not have an education in the human energy system. Or in chakras. Or in any of that,” she says.

She became fascinated with the connection among the body, mind and spirit, and she sought the answers to many profound questions: What makes us ill? What prevents us from healing? What is the spiritual power inside us that can bring about miraculous healing?

As a society, Caroline says, we struggle with complex emotional issues. However, the truth is that we still don’t fully understand how feelings and emotions can affect our health. “We’ll say, ‘I have too much stress,’ and it’s not accurate,” she says. “It’s not accurate. It’s not stress. Stress is the result.”

According to Caroline, when we’re ill, we’re quick to label it a “disorder” rather than examine the deeper issues. She says that the true source of trouble is psychic conflict. “To say, ‘I don’t know what this is. I’ve got this kind of feeling in here. I’m just anxious. I’ve got this anxiousness, and I can’t sleep. I have a sleeping disorder.’ No, you don’t. No! Stop it,” she says.

Another misguided perception held by modern society, Caroline says, is wondering with astonishment how something like illness could befall you. “One of the most painful things that you can tell yourself is that you are the exception to a rule,” she says. “That you are the exception to what happens to all living creatures. That somehow or other you are living outside the laws of life. That what breaks down everybody else’s body can’t touch yours. That somehow other people will age, but not you.”

Another myth, Caroline says, is that the mind can help you heal. “Never trust your mind to heal,” she says. “Never, never, never. Your mind needs as much healing as the rest of you. The instrument for healing in you is the soul.”


In this SuperSoul Session, Caroline lays out the myths and truths of healing, and reveals why true healing begins in the soul.

Click To Watch the video ,