Sunday, February 21, 2021

COVID LEAKS

 http://covidleaks.com/


COVID LEAKS


 


Fully referenced facts about Covid-19, provided by experts

 in the field, to help our readers make a realistic risk assessment.

https://swprs.org/a-swiss-doctor-on-covid-19/


https://humansarefree.com/2020/08/europes-top-health-officials-say-masks-arent-helpful-in-beating-covid-19.html


CDC Study Based on 14 Clinical Trials Shows Face Masks do Not Work!


https://humansarefree.com/2020/10/cdc-study-overwhelming-majority-of-people-getting-coronavirus-wore-masks.html


https://thefederalist.com/2020/10/29/these-12-graphs-show-mask-mandates-do-nothing-to-stop-covid/


https://www.technocracy.news/masks-are-neither-effective-nor-safe-a-summary-of-the-science/


https://kellybroganmd.com/masks-have-you-been-captured-by-this-psyop/

 

https://humansarefree.com/2020/10/sweden-no-lockdowns

-masks-social-distancing-lowest-fatality-rate-in-europe.html




Orange county no longer wears masks.

Science Says Healthy People Should Not Wear Masks

https://www.thehealthyamerican.org/masks-dont-work


https://thefederalist.com/2020/10/29/these-12-graphs-show-mask-mandates-do-nothing-to-stop-covid/

USC Professor Joel Hay says there is no scientific proof social distancing prevents spread of



 


GOV NEWSOM ADMITS HE CAN'T MANDATE LAW - Peggy Hall


 


https://humansarefree.com/2020/10/cdc-study-overwhelming-majority-of-people-getting-coronavirus-wore-masks.html


Details about my lawsuit against Newsom for not following the science when he shut down CA schools

Ron Paul: coronavirus is the new terrorism.



https://www.brasscheck.com/video/the-encyclopedia-of-covid-crisis-scams-exposed/


CDC quietly changes the number of covid deaths to show how many died of "ONLY" covid.


Then when you go look at the statistics, it turns out there are no additional deaths over the last 10 years.

Deaths in the USA over the years:

2010: 2.5M

2011: 2.5M

2012: 2.5M

2013: 2.6M

2014: 2.6M

2015: 2.7M

2016: 2.7M

2017: 2.8M

2018: 2.8M

2019: 2.9M

2020: 2.5M (as of November)

Where is the massive spike? 


The main reason we had a lockdown is due to the advice of Dr. Fauci and WHO and Bill Gates. They both want you sick. Fauci works with Bill Gates. Bill Gates wants to vaccinate the whole world, to protect from global warming and reduce the population, with his preferred method of genocide, Vaccinate everyone. Already has started to experiment on the native American population and other places with dire results. He says 700,000 people with have damaging reactions to the covid vaxine. (typos intentional) Also have reported effect of sterilizing his vicitims.


LOCKDOWN MAKES COVID WORSE

After each country (or city) was locked down the increases Covid cases began. Moreover, they began immediately, and in nearly every case, precipitously.


The only purpose of the lockdowns is to destroy businesses.

Covid is the excuse, government dependency in the goal.


Fauci promised an AIDS vaccine way back in 1984?

Thirty-six years later there is no AIDS vaccine.

Don’t you think we better do some research into Tony Fauci?

https://www.brasscheck.com/video/fauci-aids-and-other-mysteries


You don't expect us to believe that crap any more do you?

The Washington Times: COVID-19 Turning Out To Be A Huge Hoax Perpetrated By The Media https://humansarefree.com/2020/05/the-washington-times-covid-19-turning-out-to-be-a-huge-hoax-perpetrated-by-the-media.html





FORMER AIDS SCIENTIST EXPOSES DR. FAUCI’S MEDICAL CORRUPTION

https://www.bitchute.com/video/pRE0Lme2a1Np/


Fauci works for the CDC.

https://www.brasscheck.com/video/faucis-monstrous-conflicts-of-interest/

He’s had the same high level job there for thirty-six years and has total control over infectious disease policy.

Fully 50% of the CDCs budget is used buying and marketing vaccines.

It’s a 100% captured agency.

He’s a master of creating hysteria. Some of this greatest hits:

AIDS, Swine Flu, Ebola, Zika – now CoVid-19

https://www.brasscheck.com/video/faucis-monstrous-conflicts-of-interest


Table Of Iatrogenic Deaths In The United States

https://www.ourcivilisation.com/medicine/usamed/deaths.htm


Dr. Fauci Worked for the Clinton Foundation for over 20 years.

Dr. Fauci is an immunologist who was brought onto Trump's team for his knowledge and expertise in the area of viral infections. It was thought that the doctor would be a valuable asset but, as it turns out, his credentials did not truthfully describe his abilities.

https://bustatroll.org/2020/03/26/dr-fauci-a-spy/


Lets Get Them All! Gates Birx Fauci Soros all of them

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QK1gEOrQUzs


Under CDC Direction, Hospitals are Falsely Inflating the Number of Coronavirus-Related Deaths


 





Fauci's Folly? Disease Expert: Lifting Lockdowns Would “Exterminate” Coronavirus

https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/item/35390-fauci-s-folly-disease-expert-lifting-lockdowns-would-exterminate-coronavirus


Anthony Fauci does not like conspiracy theories about the Bill Gates-Big Pharma takeover of America.

• Dr Fauci is on the Leadership Council for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

• Deborah Birx is a board member for the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, which was founded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

• Robert Redfield, current director of the CDC was a founder of the Institute of Human Virology, who has received $31.8 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

• Seema Verma has worked with Sue Desmond-Hellman, Chief Executive Officer of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

• Alex Azar was President of Eli Lilly's US division. Under his leadership, prices for the company's top-selling insulin drug tripled, which led to a class-action lawsuit.

• Jerome Adams received a medical scholarship from Eli Lilly.

• Stephen Hahn is commissioner for the FDA who partnered with Bill and Melinda Gates in 2017.

• Stephen Mnuchin was a member of Skull and Bones at Yale University and he partnered with George Soros to create SFM Capital Management.

• Bret Giroir was the Director of DARPA.

• CDC official, Dr. Nancy Messonnier is Rod Rosenstein's sister.

 




As Director of the NIAID (National institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases) Dr Anthony Fauci approved the creation of an ‘enhanced’ and more damaging covid 19 human/bat virus in 2015 at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. In 2014 the US Government had already ruled that such projects creating potentially lethal superbugs should be stopped.Other scientists agreed, but Dr Fauci allowed the research to continue.


WHO Election Backed By Gates And China

The Role Of Tedros In The Coronavirus Pandemic

https://humansarefree.com/2020/04/who-director-bill-gates-clinton-foundation-fauci-china-genocide.html


Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus was elected Director-General of the WHO in 2017.

He is the first African to head the health agency and the first not to be a doctor.

Hebreyesus’ political career began at the politburo of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPFL), a terrorist organization

In 2014, Kenya’s Catholic Doctors Association accused the WHO of chemically sterilizing millions of unwilling Kenyan women with a phoney “tetanus” vaccine campaign. The Who is a front for several big Pharma Corporations that push and sell drugs vaccines and pandemics


Who Makes WHO - Tedros Adhanom - Get a load of this guy

A psychopath running the WHO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWOnqxKDfKo


Proof that the news is scripted.

6 corporations control 90% of all media:

GE, NewsCorp, Disney, Viacom, Time Warner and CBS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=eZVv2AOCnaA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5iu5KDWQEg


Dr Fauci is on the Leadership Council for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

• Deborah Birx is a board member for the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria,

which was founded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Facui just recently received $100 million grant from Gates.

George Soros & Bill Gates Partner with China on Coronavirus Drug!


Gates, Soros, and the rest of their globalist ilk hate President Trump but love communist Supreme Leader Xi Jinping. China Daily proudly notes that Microsoft billionaire Gates recently committed emergency funding of up to $100 million, much of it for China’s coronavirus efforts. “Chinese President Xi Jinping has written back to Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, after receiving a letter from the US business leader on the novel coronavirus disease,” China Daily reported.

“In his letter dated Feb 20, the Chinese president wrote: ‘I deeply appreciate the act of generosity of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and your letter of solidarity to the Chinese people at such an important moment.’” "We are resolute in protecting the life and health of the people of China, and of all countries around the world. We are determined to do our part to uphold global public health security," Xi added.

Bill Gates and his Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are leading forces in the moves to bring about socialist-communist-capitalist “convergence” under a system of elite “global governance.” In 2017 Gates was honored by China’s communist regime by being inducted into the Chinese Academy of Engineering


https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/35208-globalists-communists-push-coronavirus-as-gateway-to-global-health-governance


Bill Gates Is The Biggest Depopulationist Alive.

Bill Gates has doubled down on his goal to depopulate the planet, using deceitful Orwellian doublespeak in a new video to bamboozle his naive followers into believing that “by making people healthier, we can reduce the world’s population”.

https://humansarefree.com/2018/09/bill-gates-is-the-biggest-depopulationist-alive.html


Bill Gates Admits Vaccines Are Used For Human Depopulation.

The world today has 6.8 billion people… now if we do a really great job on new vaccines, healthcare, reproductive health services,

 we could lower that (number) by perhaps 10 or 15%.” “Vaccines are something I love.“

https://humansarefree.com/2011/05/bill-gates-admits-vaccines-are-used-for-human-depopulation.html


Bill Gates is not a doctor. Bill gates has Zero medical training.

What gives him the right and the authority to demand a national lockdown, or to propose that everyone’s right to travel is restricted unless we take his vaccine?

What gives him the power to propose the issuing of “certificates for vaccination” that give us back our liberties (and who took those liberties from us in the first place)?

What gives him the right to speak on public matters like he is the voice of the people? I don’t remember voting for him, do you?

https://humansarefree.com/2020/04/who-the-hell-is-bill-gates-and-who-gave-him-so-much-power-over-the-people.html


Robert F. Kennedy Jr. spoke out about Bill Gates’s plan for mandatory global vaccination against the CCP Virus, citing the disasters caused in the lives of hundreds of thousands of people by his vaccination campaigns. Bill Gates was criticized for not being a scientist or a politician and just for just using the power of his billions, he went on to determine the fate of the billions of people he intends to vaccinate.

https://humansarefree.com/2020/04/trail-of-dead-and-damaged-children-and-adults-from-bill-gates-funded-vaccine-programmes.html


Robert F. Kennedy Jr. claims the CDC owns patents on at least 57 different vaccines, and profits $4.1 billion per year in vaccination sales. According to RFK Jr., the CDC is not an independent government agency but is actually a subsidiary of Big Pharma.

https://eraoflight.com/2018/12/08/robert-kennedy-jr-cdc-is-a-privately-owned-vaccine-company/


https://humansarefree.com/2020/01/bill-gates-world-economic-forum-ran-coronavirus-outbreak-simulation-just-6-weeks-before-the-real-outbreak.html


https://humansarefree.com/2020/04/henry-kissinger-bill-gates-call-for-mass-vaccination-global-governance.html


https://humansarefree.com/2020/04/bill-gates-focuses-entirely-on-vaccines-and-the-nwo-instead-of-promoting-a-strong-immune-system.html


The Chinese Government ran a drill or exercise on September 18th, 2019, in Wuhan, where they simulated a response for … a novel coronavirus strain! This drill was held exactly 30 days before the key date of October 18th, 2019 – the same date when the Wuhan Military Games began and also the very same date when Event 201 (Big Pharma, Bill Gates, China’s CDC, America’s CDC, etc.) was held

https://humansarefree.com/2020/02/chinese-government-also-ran-coronavirus-drill-in-wuhan.html


DR. SHIVA EXPOSES FAUCI, BIRX, GATES, AND

THE W.H.O. COVID-19 ENDGAME

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmD3EoSRgsI



W.H.O. DIRECTOR GENERAL TEDROS ADHANOM’S INCOMPETENCY

 TO HANDLE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC CRISIS

https://www.bitchute.com/video/H5ysq2Co3hkl/



CDC HAS ALSO GIVEN A GAG ORDER TO ALL DOCTORS

 AND MEDICAL WORKERS NOT TO TALK ABOUT THE covid-19

.... DO SOME SEARCHES MOST HOSPITALS ARE EMPTY.



Billionaires' Plan for World Genocide Exposed

May 25, 2009 (EIRNS)—The London Sunday Times May 24 issue exposed the genocide agenda of a top-secret meeting of 14 of the world's richest people on May 5, 2009, in its story "Billionaire club in bid to curb population growth," by John Harlow.


The meeting was convened on the initiative of the man deemed, by Forbes, to be the world's richest, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, Warren Buffett, ranked #2 by Forbes, who has pledged $31 billion, the bulk of his fortune, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; and David Rockefeller. Rockefeller arranged for the meeting to be held at the home of the president of the private Rockefeller University in New York City, Sir Paul Nurse. One insider dared to call its participants "the Good Club."


Besides the three conveners, the meeting was attended by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg; drug-promoter George Soros; Peter G. Peterson, the genocidal advocate of government budget cuts who cofounded the Blackstone Group; former hedge fund manager Julian H. Robertson, Jr.; former Cisco Systems chairman John Morgridge and his wife, Tashia; real estate speculator Eli Broad, and his wife, Edythe; David Rockefeller's son, David Rockefeller, Jr.; media moguls Ted Turner and Oprah Winfrey.

https://larouchepub.com/pr/2009/090525billionaires_genocide.html


World Health Organization: Gates Foundation Now Second ...

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation contributed almost $327 million to the WHO's General and Fiduciary Funds, making it the second-largest donor overall. The only donations to these funds higher than those of the Gates Foundation came from the government of the United States

https://www.dr-rath-foundation.org/2019/01/world-health-organization-gates-foundation-now-second-largest-funder-after-u-s-government/


DO NOT TRUST BILL GATES........ What you need to know about BILL GATES "Vaccines, for Bill Gates, are a strategic philanthropy that feed his many vaccine-related businesses (including Microsoft’s ambition to control a global vac ID enterprise) and give him dictatorial control over global health policy—the spear tip of corporate neo-imperialism. Gates’ obsession with vaccines seems fueled by a messianic conviction that he is ordained to save the world with technology and a god-like willingness to experiment with the lives of lesser humans. Promising to eradicate Polio with $1.2 billion, Gates took control of India ‘s National Advisory Board (NAB) and mandated 50 polio vaccines (up from 5) to every child before age 5. Indian doctors blame the Gates campaign for a devastating vaccine-strain polio epidemic that paralyzed 496,000 children between 2000 and 2017. In 2017, the Indian Government dialed back Gates’ vaccine regimen and evicted Gates and his cronies from the NAB. Polio paralysis rates dropped precipitously. In 2017, the World Health Organization reluctantly admitted that the global polio explosion is predominantly vaccine strain, meaning it is coming from Gates’ Vaccine Program.


The most frightening epidemics in Congo, the Philippines, and Afghanistan are all linked to Gates’ vaccines. By 2018, ¾ of global polio cases were from Gates’ vaccines. In 2014, the Gates Foundation funded tests of experimental HPV vaccines, developed by GSK and Merck, on 23,000 young girls in remote Indian provinces. Approximately 1,200 suffered severe side effects, including autoimmune and fertility disorders. Seven died. Indian government investigations charged that Gates funded researchers committed pervasive ethical violations: pressuring vulnerable village girls into the trial, bullying parents, forging consent forms, and refusing medical care to the injured girls. The case is now in the country’s Supreme Court.


 In 2010, the Gates Foundation funded a trial of a GSK’s experimental malaria vaccine, killing 151 African infants and causing serious adverse effects including paralysis, seizure, and febrile convulsions to 1,048 of the 5,049 children. During Gates 2002 MenAfriVac Campaign in Sub-Saharan Africa, Gates operatives forcibly vaccinated thousands of African children against meningitis. Between 50-500 children developed paralysis. South African newspapers complained, "We are guinea pigs for drug makers" Nelson Mandela's former Senior Economist, Professor Patrick Bond, describes Gates' philanthropic practices as "ruthless" and immoral". In 2010, Gates committed $ 10 billion to the WHO promising to reduce population, in part, through new vaccines. A month later Gates told a Ted Talk that new vaccines "could reduce population". In 2014, Kenya's Catholic Doctors Association accused the WHO of chemically sterilizing millions of unwilling Kenyan women with a phony "tetanus" vaccine campaign. Independent labs found the sterility formula in every vaccine tested. After denying the charges, WHO finally admitted it had been developing the sterility vaccines for over a decade.



Similar accusations came from Tanzania, Nicaragua, Mexico and the Philippines. A 2017 study (Morgensen et.Al.2017) showed that WHO's popular DTP is killing more African than the disease it pretends to prevent. Vaccinated girls suffered 10x the death rate of unvaccinated children. Gates and the WHO refused to recall the lethal vaccine which WHO forces upon millions of African children annually. Global public health advocates around the world accuse Gates of - hijacking WHO's agenda away from the projects that are proven to curb infectious diseases; clean water, hygiene, nutrition and economic development. They say he has diverted agency resources to serve his personal fetish - that good health only comes in a syringe. In addition to using his philanthropy to control WHO, UNICEF, GAVI and PATH, Gates funds private pharmaceutical companies that manufacture vaccines, and a massive network of pharmaceutical -industry front groups that broadcast deceptive propaganda, develop fraudulent studies, conduct surveillance and psychological operations against vaccine hesitancy and use Gates' power and money to silence dissent and coerce compliance. In this recent nonstop Pharmedia appearances, Gates appears gleeful that the Covid-19 crisis will give him the opportunity to force his third-world vaccine programs on American children." This guy needs to go.

https://humansarefree.com/2020/05/new-world-order-and-coronavirus-plandemic.html


https://www.fort-russ.com/2020/06/exposed-who-admits-it-used-fake-lancet-study-to politically-stop-hydroxychloroquine use,resulting in the deaths of tens-of-thousands/


 




 




 




 




 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 

Saturday, February 20, 2021

To say ‘Chinese language’ in Mandarin Chinese?

 440px-Tripitaka_Koreana

How to say ‘Chinese language’ in Mandarin Chinese?

When you are talking about Chinese language, it might be a little confusing because there are so many names for the Chinese language, such as hànyǔ 汉语, zhōngwén 中文, pǔtōnghuà 普通话, guóyǔ 国语, huáwén 华文 and huáyǔ 华语. Why so many different names for this language in its own language?!

Here are some tips to help you name the Chinese language in Chinese on different occasions or to different people.

The name ‘Hanyu’

“汉语” (hànyǔ) literally means “the language of Han people (the largest ethnic group in China)”. It refers to the language itself from a linguistic perspective, so a “汉语书” (hànyǔ shū) means a book that help you learn Chinese, ie. a textbook. This name is usually used by language teachers or when people are talking about studying Chinese language.

Be careful! 汉语 (hànyǔ) is easily confused with 韩语 (hànyǔ) which means Korean language.

Using ‘Zhongwen’ for ‘Chinese language’

“中文” (zhōngwén) literally means “the written language of China” , thus a “中文书” (zhōngwén shū) means a book written in Chinese, which could be a novel or a play, etc. The usage of this name is broader now, not only limited to written, but also spoken Chinese. People who are not involved in language teaching prefer to use “中文” (zhōngwén) more than “汉语” (hànyǔ). Now you probably understand people on the street better.

Hanyu versus Zhongwen

So both hànyǔ 汉语 and zhōngwén 中文 mean “Chinese language”. Many students understand 中文 as “written Chinese,” and 汉语 as “spoken Chinese.” Is this correct? Not really! In modern Chinese, 中文 and 汉语 have the same meaning and, in most situations, are interchangeable.

When referring to the written language, use 中文:

  • I can write Chinese 我会写中文 Wǒ huì xiě zhōngwén
  • Chinese subtitles 中文字幕 zhōngwén zìmù
  • Chinese Wiki 中文维基 zhōngwén wéijī

When referring to the spoken language, the two terms are interchangeable.

  • I can speak Chinese 我会说中文/汉语 Wǒ huì shuō zhōngwén/hànyǔ

Modern Chinese dictionary 现代汉语字典 Xiàndài hànyǔ zìdiǎn.

 Dictionaries often relate to the entire language, both spoken and written, including pronunciation. To keep it simple, all dictionaries use “汉语”.

Putonghua for the accent

“普通话”(pútōng huà) is translated as “common language” or “Mandarin”, which is a concept corresponding to “dialects” (There are 129 dialects in China. )  “普通话”(pútōng huà) is based on the pronunciation of Beijing Dialect and it’s the language you and every Chinese kid are learning now. People who are from places with a strong sense of dialects would probably choose this word when they praise your spoken Chinese.

‘Zhongguo hua’ for a name

“中国话”(zhōngguó huà) emphasizes “中国” (zhōngguó) as a country, “the speech of China”, it’s used in Japanese and Korean as well. This word is used in very casual occasions, such as when a cab driver is chatting with you.

‘Guoyu’ for Taiwan

“国语”(guóyǔ) is another way of saying “普通话”(pútōng huà) in Taiwan. Guóyǔ 国语 literally means national language and refers to Taiwanese Mandarin, which is a dialect of Chinese and the official language of Taiwan. It is also based on the phonology of Beijing dialect. However, 国语 has some notable differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation with Standard Mandarin and for Chinese characters, they still use traditional characters in Taiwan.

Other names are ‘Huayu’ and ‘Huawen’

华文 huáwén or 华语 huáyǔ is mostly used outside mainland China, like in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, where Chinese is the official language or used by most of the population. For example, a child from Malaysia might say: ”I’ve gone to 华文学校 huáwén xuéxiào (Chinese school) since I was little.” 华文 and 华语 are both related to huárén 华人 , a name for the ancient agricultural tribes living along the Yellow River. Now huárén more commonly refers to ethnic Chinese people and their language all over the world.

 

Have we made things clearer or more complicated now? What word would you use when you are talking to us?

Here’s a map of the Chinese language being used outside of China:

 The Chinese language is the most spoken language in the world, with 1.3 billion native speakers. It’s also one of the six official languages of the United Nations. At GoEast Mandarin, our colleagues also have first-hand experience of speaking Chinese in the Netherlands, Canada, the USA, and Chile.


How many languages are spoken in China?

Since China is over twice as big as the European Union, it’s no surprise that well over a hundred languages are spoken in China, but not all of these qualify as ‘Chinese language’. For example, there are also Indo-European languages such as Tajik, or Altai languages such as Kazakh, and Korean languages (spoken near the North-Korean border). But yes, the vast majority of the population does speak ‘Chinese’.


Is Chinese one language?

Some Chinese people think of Chinese as a single language with some variations and dialects, because all its speakers share a common culture and history. But many linguistics will divert Chinese into seven language groups, because they are as different as English is from German.


Mandarin, which is called Putonghua as well, is a standardized form of spoken Chinese based on the Beijing dialect. It is the official language of Mainland China. The most well-known dialect is undoubtedly Cantonese, which is commonly known as Guangdonghua. It is spoken within Guangdong Province, Hong Kong, Macau, and some areas in southeastern China. It is the official language in Hong Kong. Mandarin is by far the most widely spoken language, with up to 960 million speakers in China, while Cantonese is a relatively small language, with 80 million native speakers.


All groups of Chinese language are:


Mandarin: By far the biggest language group. In this is Standard Chinese, also known as the Beijing Dialect (or simply known as ‘Mandarin’).

Min: This is a very diverse language group, spoken in the coastal areas of Fuijian, Hainan and Taiwan.

Wu: This group is spoken in and around Shanghai, in the surrounding provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui. It has a group of 80 million people native speakers.

Gan: These varieties are spoken in the province of Jiangxi (and surroundings).

Xiang: Spoken in Hubei and Hunan.

Hakka: Spoken by in northeastern Guangdong and surroundings.

Yue: This is a large group of languages that includes Cantonese, spoken in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong and Macau.

Chinese language variations


Besides the main dialects, there are some other languages used by various ethnic groups. China is made up of 56 ethinc groups with over 90% of the population belonging to the majority group, Han. Many of the minority groups have their own language, such as Tibetan, Muslim chinese population (Hui), Mongolian, etc. However everyone learns Mandarin when they go to school since Mandarin is the official language all over China.


Most Chinese can understand Mandarin but not everyone can speak Mandarin well. For instance, most people in Guangzhou speak Mandarin with a very strong Cantonese accent, which might be pretty hard to understand for foreigners. Generally, northern dialects are much easier to understand than southern dialects. So If you plan on doing business in China or traveling around, Mandarin is the main language to learn.


See our explanation here if you’re looking how to say Chinese language in Chinese, because it’s not that simple.


History of the Chinese language

Chinese language is probably over three thousand years old. It’s not one of the first languages of the world, but it’s among of the first written languages in the world that developed independently. (In this article we take you through the different Chinese Hanzi character styles and the evolution of them over time.)


Old Chinese language

The language they call ‘Old Chinese’ is the source of all variations of modern Chinese. This language is preserved pretty well in the oracle bones, with the earliest being found around the year 1250 BC. But the pronunciation of these characters are mostly lost, although some hints can be found in the inscriptions. It’s likely that Old Chinese language is loosely related to today’s Chinese — even though you definitely would not have been able to understand and speak it.


Middle Chinese

We have a better idea of the pronunciation of “Middle Chinese”, which was used during the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties (from the year 581 to the year 1279.) This is mostly because of the Qieyun rhyme dictionary and later publications. The Qieyun dictionary (切韻Qièyùn) was published in 601 and uses a method of explaining the pronunciation of monosyllabic characters, by giving two example characters: one for the initial consonant (for instance a P, one for the final that makes the rest of the syllable (for instance an A). If that is hard to understand, here are three examples: 東 was spelled 德 + 紅, 德 was spelled 多 + 特, and 多 was spelled 德 + 河.


Chinese language history


Modern Standard Chinese

After that, the development of Chinese is messy and vague. Many Chinese people spoke their local dialect or own version of Chinese.


During the Ming and Qing dynasty (1368 to 1912), most officials used the Nanjing dialect, which was referred to as ‘official speech’ (guānhuà), with Nanjing being the capital (alternating with Beijing through the centuries). Especially during the Qing Dynasty (1644 to 1912), the Nanjing Mandarin became the most common version of Chinese language.


Yet already in the 17th century, the Empire tried to unify everyone by making everyone speak Beijing dialect, but failed. It was only in the late 19th century that the Empire partly succeeded in this. Even in the 19th and 20th century, many regions still continued using their local dialects,


With the change from Empire to Republic in 1912 came bigger changes. The book ‘Dictionary of National Pronunciation’ was published in 1919, prescribing a uniform language, combined from various dialects — followed by another book in 1932: Vocabulary of National Pronunciation for Everyday Use. Another big change came when the new government of China gradually made Modern Standard Chinese a requirement for elementary school.


Which other countries is the Chinese language spoken?

Chinese language is obviously spoken in China and Singapore (as first-languages), and it also widely spoken in Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. But that’s not all. Today, the Chinese language is spoken widely across the world. You wouldn’t think it, but the Chinese language has millions of speakers in the United States, Vietnam, Australia and hundreds of thousands of speakers in Canada, Japan, New-Zealand. In basically every modern country you can find a place to speak Chinese.


Is the Chinese language difficult to learn?

Chinese isn’t just difficult for foreigners to learn, it’s even difficult for Chinese people to learn. David Moser, in an essay called ‘Why Chinese is so damn hard‘ lists four reasons:


The Hanzi characters are very difficult

There’s no alphabet (Pinyin doesn’t fully equal to being the Chinese alphabet)

The writing system isn’t very phonetic

You can’t cheat using cognates (or as our student Santiago says: you can’t ‘wing’ it)

In a more detailed article, we show you how long it takes to learn Chinese. Because even though it’s very hard, with t he right training, it’s definitely do-able and anyone can reach an intermediate level within less than two years.

Friday, February 19, 2021

Water vesus Virus

How Hydration Can Help You Recover From a Virus.



How to Stay Hydrated When You're Sick and Key Ways Hydration Can Help You Recover

Medical illustration of a virus

While hydration is always critical, appropriate rehydration during illness is key. It’s important to know that not all rehydration solutions are created equal. Key ingredients like electrolytes- sodium, chloride and potassium- and glucose can affect your ability to rehydrate if they are not properly balanced.

How Hydration Promotes Good Health

Water is part of every cell in your body, making it essential to everyday health. That’s why making sure you stay well hydrated is crucial when your body is trying to fight a virus.

When your body is sick with the flu or another type of virus, there are common symptoms that can lead to dehydration including fever, coughing, diarrhea and vomiting in addition to a loss of appetite. And, if you aren't getting enough fluids, your body may have difficultly regulating its’ temperature. Even small fluid losses can contribute to increased body temperatures.

Proper hydration can help the skin and mucous membrane cells act as a barrier to prevent bacteria from entering the body.  Proper hydration helps decrease nasal irritation when coughing, sneezing and even just breathing. 

Dehydration Affects the Whole Body

Even mild dehydration can have a big impact on the way you feel. Research shows that losing just 2% of your body's water can negatively affect mood, memory and coordination. And, sometimes, the body's thirst mechanism isn't always 100 percent accurate. Often, by the time you start to feel thirsty, you may already be dehydrated.

As dehydration progresses, your blood becomes more concentrated, which can affect several internal organs. This means your kidneys suddenly must work harder to hold onto water, and your heart has the additional strain of maintaining blood pressure. Signs of dehydration include:

  • Dry skin
  • Feeling dizzy
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Sunken eyes
  • Dark urine
  • Muscle cramps
  •  Headache

Stay Hydrated to Help You Recover from a Virus

All fluids aren't created equal when it comes to effectively preventing and alleviating the symptoms of mild to moderate dehydration. There are special minerals, also called electrolytes, like sodium, potassium and chloride, that help the body maintain fluid balance and keep the cells in our bodies working properly. It is important to get the right balance of electrolytes, glucose and sodium to ensure the best rehydration possible. 





How Hydration Can Help You Recover From a Virus

 *How Hydration Can Help You Recover From a Virus*


When your body is sick with the flu or another type of virus, there are common symptoms that can lead to dehydration including fever, coughing, diarrhea and vomiting in addition to a loss of appetite. And, if you aren't getting enough fluids, your body may have difficultly regulating its’ temperature. Even small fluid losses can contribute to increased body temperatures.


Proper hydration can help the skin and mucous membrane cells act as a barrier to prevent bacteria from entering the body.  Proper hydration helps decrease nasal irritation when coughing, sneezing and even just breathing.


While hydration is always critical, appropriate rehydration during illness is key. It’s important to know that not all rehydration solutions are created equal. Key ingredients like electrolytes- *sodium* , *chloride* and *potassium* - and *glucose* can affect your ability to rehydrate if they are not properly balanced.


 *How Hydration Promotes Good Health* 


Water is part of every cell in your body, making it essential to everyday health. That’s why making sure you *stay well hydrated is crucial when your body is trying to fight a virus* .


When your body is sick with the flu or another type of virus, there are common symptoms that can lead to dehydration including fever, coughing, diarrhea, allergic reactions and vomiting in addition to a loss of appetite. And, if you aren't getting enough fluids, your body may have difficultly regulating its’ temperature. Even small fluid losses can contribute to increased body temperatures.


Proper hydration can help the skin and mucous membrane cells act as a barrier to prevent bacteria from entering the body.  Proper hydration helps decrease nasal irritation when coughing, sneezing and even just breathing.



 *Dehydration Affects the Whole Body* 


Even mild dehydration can have a big impact on the way you feel. Research shows that losing just *2% of your body's water* can negatively affect mood, memory and coordination. And, sometimes, the body's thirst mechanism isn't always 100 percent accurate. Often, by the time you start to feel thirsty, you may already be dehydrated.


As dehydration progresses, your blood becomes more concentrated, which can affect several internal organs. This means your kidneys suddenly must work harder to hold onto water, and your heart has the additional strain of maintaining blood pressure. Signs of dehydration include:


• Dry skin

• Feeling dizzy

• Rapid heartbeat

• Sunken eyes

• Dark yellowish urine

• Muscle cramps

• Headache

• Body pain

• Wheezing breath


 Stay Hydrated to Help You Recover from a Virus 


All fluids aren't created equal when it comes to effectively preventing and alleviating the symptoms of mild to moderate dehydration. There are special minerals, also called electrolytes, like sodium, potassium and chloride, that help the body maintain fluid balance and keep the cells in our bodies working properly. It is important to get the right balance of electrolytes, glucose and sodium to ensure the best rehydration possible. 


The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend an oral electrolyte solution like saline water for relieving mild to moderate dehydration from virus-related vomiting and diarrhea. While juice and sports drinks might seem like good choices when you're feeling ill, their high sugar content can make stomach problems like nausea and diarrhea worse.


Water Cure protocol has an optimal ratio of important electrolytes and just enough minerals to help cells bring in water more effectively, replacing what is lost during illness.


Staying hydrated may help you bounce back faster should you be hit with a respiratory virus. If you need help restoring critical fluids and electrolytes, try sipping a liter or two of water with pinch of sea salt on your tongue, throughout the day. And, consulting your doctor is always the best course of action when you need to get better ASAP.

Thursday, February 18, 2021

All About Gallbladder Sludge

  What is gallbladder sludge? What is gallbladder sludge?

The gallbladder is located betweenh the intestines and the liver. It stores bile from the liver until it’s time to release it into the intestines to aid in digestion. 

If the gallbladder doesn’t empty completely, particles in the bile — like cholesterol or calcium salts — can thicken as a result of remaining in the gallbladder for too long. They eventually become biliary sludge, which is commonly referred to as gallbladder sludge.

Water deficits in one's body, overtime, causes this discrepancies in the systems. 

What are the symptoms of gallbladder sludge?

Some people who have gallbladder sludge will show no symptoms and never know that they have it. Others will experience symptoms consistent with an inflamed gallbladder or gallbladder stones. The primary symptom is often abdominal pain, especially on your upper right side under the ribs. This pain may increase shortly after a meal.

Other symptoms can include:

•chest pain

•right shoulder pain

•nausea and vomiting

•clay-like stools

What causes gallbladder sludge?

Gallbladder sludge forms when bile remains in the gallbladder for too long. Mucus from the gallbladder can mix with cholesterol and calcium salts, combining to create the sludge.


Gallbladder sludge seems to be more common during pregnancy, especially if you’re following a strict diet.


While gallbladder sludge is not a common problem, there are certain people who have a higher risk for developing it. Groups who are at a higher risk include:

•women, who have higher rates of gallbladder problems than men

•people who are getting nutrition through an IV or another alternative to food

•people who are critically ill

•people with diabetes

•people who were very overweight and lost weight very quickly

•people who have had an organ transplant

All these people should regulate their water intake, daily, to prevent cellular dehydration. 


If you’re experiencing abdominal pain, your doctor will ask about your medical history and your symptoms. They’ll then perform a physical exam, pressing on different places on your abdomen. If they suspect that your gallbladder may be the source of the pain, they’ll likely order an abdominal ultrasound, which can pick up gallstones with remarkable accuracy.


Wednesday, February 17, 2021

How Fig?

 The developmental process figs undergo before reaching maturity. Figs start off as an enclosed inverted flower. The shape of their flower inhibits them from relying on bees or wind to spread their pollen in the same way other flowers can. Instead, figs must rely on the help of pollinator wasps to reproduce.

Nearing the end of her life, a female wasp will crawl through the tiny opening of the inverted fig flower to lay her eggs. She will break off her antennas and wings in the process, dying shortly thereafter.

Then, her body is digested by an enzyme within the fig, while her eggs prepare to hatch. Once they do, male larvae mate with female larvae, which then crawl out of the fig, with pollen attached to their bodies, to continue both species’ lifecycle. 

Figs rely on the wasps to reproduce, just as much as the wasps rely on figs to do so.

This symbiotic relationship is what allows both species to survive. 

SUMMARY

Wasps help figs reproduce and die in the process, causing some people to suggest that figs aren’t vegan. However, most people — vegans included — do not see this as animal exploitation or cruelty and consider figs vegan.


Figs are a unique fruit resembling a teardrop. They’re about the size of your thumb, filled with hundreds of tiny seeds, and have an edible purple or green peel. The flesh of the fruit is pink and has a mild, sweet taste. The scientific name for the fig is Ficus carica.

Figs — and their leaves — are packed with nutrients and offer a variety of potential health benefits. They may promote healthy digestion, decrease your risk of heart disease, and help you manage your blood sugar levels.

Fig nutrition

Fresh figs are rich in nutrients while being relatively low in calories, making them a great addition to a healthy diet.


One small (40-gram) fresh fig contains :


•Calories: 30

•Protein: 0 grams

•Fat: 0 grams

•Carbs: 8 grams

•Fiber: 1 gram

•Copper: 3% of the Daily Value (DV)

•Magnesium: 2% of the DV

•Potassium: 2% of the DV

•Riboflavin: 2% of the DV

•Thiamine: 2% of the DV

•Vitamin B6: 3% of the DV

•Vitamin K: 2% of the DV

Fresh figs contain some calories from natural sugar, but having a few figs is a reasonable, low calorie snack or addition to a meal.


On the other hand, dried figs are high in sugar and rich in calories, as the sugar becomes concentrated when the fruits are dried.


Figs also contain small amounts of a wide variety of nutrients, but they’re particularly rich in copper and vitamin B6.


Copper is a vital mineral that’s involved in several bodily processes, including metabolism and energy production, as well as the formation of blood cells, connective tissues, and neurotransmitters .


Vitamin B6 is a key vitamin necessary to help your body break down dietary protein and create new proteins. It also plays an important role in brain health .


SUMMARY

Fresh figs are low in calories and contain a variety of vitamins and minerals. However, dried figs are high in sugar and calories.


Benefits

Figs have many potential benefits, including promoting digestive and heart health, along with potentially helping manage blood sugar levels.


Figs Promote Digestive Health.

Figs have long been used as a home remedy or an alternative treatment for digestive problems like constipation.


They contain fiber, which may help promote digestive health by softening and adding bulk to stools, decreasing constipation, and serving as a prebiotic — or food source for the healthy bacteria populating your gut.


In animal studies, fig fruit extract or paste helped speed the movement of food through the digestive tract, reducing  constipation and improving the symptoms of digestive disorders like ulcerative colitis (7

Trusted Sourc, , 8Trusted Source).

A study in 150 people with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) found that those who consumed about 4 dried figs (45 grams) twice daily experienced a significant reduction in symptoms — including pain, bloating, and constipation — compared with a control group (9Trusted Source).

What’s more, a similar study in 80 people found that supplementing with about 10 ounces (300 grams) of fig fruit paste daily for 8 weeks significantly decreased constipation, compared with a control group (10Trusted Source).

May improve vascular and heart health.

Figs may improve blood pressure and blood fat levels, which can help improve your vascular health and decrease your risk of heart disease.

One study found that fig extract decreased blood pressure in rats with normal blood pressure, as well as those with elevated levels (11Trusted Source).

Animal studies have also shown improvements in total cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels when supplementing with fig leaf extract (12Trusted Source13Trusted Source).

However, in a 5-week study in 83 people with high LDL (bad) cholesterol, researchers noted that those who added about 14 dried figs (120 grams) to their diet daily had no changes in blood fat levels, compared with a control group (14 ).Trusted So

More human studies are needed to better understand the relationship between figs and heart health.

May help manage blood sugar levels.

One dated study from 1998 in 10 people with type 1 diabetes found that having fig leaf tea with breakfast may have decreased their insulin needs. In the month they received fig leaf tea, their insulin doses decreased by about 12% .

What’s more, a more recent study found that drinks containing high doses of fig fruit extract had a lower glycemic index (GI) than beverages with no fig fruit extract, meaning these drinks would have a more favorable effect on blood sugar levels.

However, fig fruits — especially dried figs — are high in sugar and may increase blood sugar levels in the short term. If you have trouble managing your blood sugar levels, you should limit your intake of dried figs.

Potential anticancer properties
Many promising test-tube studies have been conducted on the effects of fig leaves on cancer cells.

Fig leaves and natural latex from fig plants have been shown to exhibit antitumor activity against human colon cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and liver cancer cells .

However, this doesn’t mean that eating figs or drinking fig leaf tea will exert the same effects. Test-tube studies offer a promising starting point, but human studies are needed to assess how ingesting figs or fig leaves affects cancer growth.

May Promote Healthy Skin


Figs may have some beneficial effects on the skin especially in people with allergic dermatitis — or dry, itchy skin as a result of allergies.

One study in 45 children with dermatitis found that a cream made from dried fig fruit extract applied twice daily for 2 weeks was more effective at treating the symptoms of dermatitis than hydrocortisone cream, the standard treatment.

What’s more, a combination of fruit extracts — including fig extract — was shown to exhibit antioxidant effects on skin cells, decrease collagen breakdown, and improve the appearance of wrinkles in a test-tube and animal study.

However, it’s difficult to determine if these positive effects came from the fig extract or one of the other extracts being studied. More research is needed to determine figs’ effects on skin health.

SUMMARY
Figs have a variety of potential health benefits. They may improve digestion and decrease constipation, help manage blood fat and blood sugar levels, and kill cancer cells. However, more research in   

There are a number of ways to add figs to your diet, each with its own potential benefits. Here are the four main ways you can include figs in your diet:

  • Fresh. Fresh figs are low in calories and make for a great snack, and they’re an excellent addition to salads or desserts. You can also make fig jam or preserves with fresh figs.
  • Dried. Dried figs are high in sugar and calories, so they should be eaten in moderation. They may be more effective at treating constipation than fresh figs (9Trusted Source10Trusted Source).
  • Fig leaves. Although they may be difficult to find outside of specialty grocers, fig leaves are nutritious and can be used in a variety of ways. They’re often used the same way grape leaves are, as a wrap for dishes containing rice, meat, or other fillings.
  • Fig leaf tea. Fig leaf tea is made from dried fig leaves. You can make it yourself or purchase premade fig leaf teas online or in specialty stores.

You can enjoy figs in a variety of ways, but due to their high sugar content, you should only eat dried figs in moderation or use them as an occasional home treatment for constipation.

SUMMARY

To reap the benefits of figs, you can buy fresh figs, dried figs, fig leaves, or fig leaf tea to add to your diet. Be sure to only use dried figs in moderation due to their sugar content.

The bottom line

Figs have a variety of potential health benefits. Along with the fruit, fig leaves and fig leaf tea appear to be beneficial for health. Dried figs in particular may help relieve constipation.

However, figs may interfere with blood thinning medications due to their vitamin K content, and dried figs should be eaten in moderation due to their high sugar content.

That said, overall, fresh figs, fig leaves, and fig leaf tea make great additions to a healthy diet.