Vitamin D is a nutrient your body needs for building and maintaining healthy bones. That's because your body can only absorb calcium, the primary component of bone, when vitamin D is present. Vitamin D also regulates many other cellular functions in your body. Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties support immune health, muscle function and brain cell activity.
维生素 D 是身体构建和维持健康骨骼所需的营养素。Wéishēngsù D shì shēntǐ gòujiàn hé wéichí jiànkāng gǔgé suǒ xū de yíngyǎngsù. 这是因为只有存在维生素 D 时，您的身体才能吸收钙（骨骼的主要成分）。Zhè shì yīnwèi zhǐyǒu cúnzài wéishēngsù D shí, nín de shēntǐ cáinéng xīshōu gài (gǔgé de zhǔyào chéngfèn). 维生素 D 还调节体内许多其他细胞功能。Wéishēngsù D hái tiáojié tǐnèi xǔduō qítā xìbāo gōngnéng. 其抗炎、抗氧化和神经保护特性支持免疫健康、肌肉功能和脑细胞活动。Qí kàng yán, kàng yǎnghuà hé shénjīng bǎohù tèxìng zhīchí miǎnyì jiànkāng, jīròu gōngnéng hé nǎo xìbāo huódòng.
Your body makes vitamin D when direct sunlight converts a chemical ( body’s cholesterol) in your skin into an active form of the vitamin (calciferol). 当直射阳光将皮肤中的化学物质（体内的胆固醇）转化为维生素的活性形式（钙化醇）时，您的身体就会产生维生素 D。Dāng zhíshè yángguāng jiāng pífū zhōng de huàxué wùzhí (tǐnèi de dǎngùchún) zhuǎnhuà wéi wéishēngsù de huóxìng xíngshì (gàihuà chún) shí, nín de shēntǐ jiù huì chǎnshēng wéishēngsù D.
The amount of vitamin D your skin makes depends on many factors, including the time of day, season, latitude, and your skin pigmentation. Depending on where you live and your lifestyle, vitamin D production might decrease or be completely absent during the winter months. Sunscreen, while important to prevent skin cancer, can also decrease vitamin D production. 您的皮肤产生的维生素 D 量取决于许多因素，包括一天中的时间、季节、纬度和皮肤色素沉着。 根据您居住的地方和生活方式，维生素 D 的产生可能会在冬季减少或完全消失。 防晒霜虽然对预防皮肤癌很重要，但也会减少维生素 D 的产生。Nín de pífū chǎnshēng de wéishēngsù D liàng qǔjué yú xǔduō yīnsù, bāokuò yītiān zhōng de shíjiān, jìjié, wěidù hé pífū sèsù chénzhuó. Gēnjù nín jūzhù dì dìfāng hé shēnghuó fāngshì, wéishēngsù D de chǎnshēng kěnéng huì zài dōngjì jiǎnshǎo huò wánquán xiāoshī. Fángshài shuāng suīrán duì yùfáng pífū ái hěn zhòngyào, dàn yě huì jiǎnshǎo wéishēngsù D de chǎnshēng.
Many older adults don't get regular exposure to sunlight and have trouble absorbing vitamin D. If your doctor suspects you're not getting enough vitamin D, a simple blood test can check the levels of this vitamin in your blood. Naturally, you can get vitamin D from fortified milk, fortified cereal, and fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines. 许多老年人没有经常接触阳光，因此在吸收维生素 D 方面存在困难。如果您的医生怀疑您没有摄入足够的维生素 D，只需进行简单的血液检查即可检查您血液中这种维生素的水平。 当然，您可以从强化牛奶、强化谷物以及鲑鱼、鲭鱼和沙丁鱼等多脂鱼类中获取维生素 D。Xǔduō lǎonián rén méiyǒu jīngcháng jiēchù yángguāng, yīncǐ zài xīshōu wéishēngsù D fāngmiàn cúnzài kùnnán. Rúguǒ nín de yīshēng huáiyí nín méiyǒu shè rù zúgòu de wéishēngsù D, zhǐ xū jìnxíng jiǎndān de xiěyè jiǎnchá jí kě jiǎnchá nín xiěyè zhōng zhè zhǒng wéishēngsù de shuǐpíng. Dāngrán, nín kěyǐ cóng qiánghuà niúnǎi, qiánghuà gǔwù yǐjí guīyú, qīng yú hé shādīngyú děng duō zhi yú lèi zhōng huòqǔ wéishēngsù D.
Taking a multivitamin with vitamin D may help improve bone health. The recommended daily amount of vitamin D is 400 international units (IU) for children up to age 12 months, 600 IU for people ages 1 to 70 years, and 800 IU for people over 70 years. 服用含有维生素 D 的复合维生素可能有助于改善骨骼健康。 12 个月以下儿童的维生素 D 每日推荐摄入量为 400 国际单位 (IU)，1 至 70 岁人群为 600 IU，70 岁以上人群为 800 IU。Fúyòng hányǒu wéishēngsù D de fùhé wéishēngsù kěnéng yǒu zhù yú gǎishàn gǔgé jiànkāng. 12 Gè yuè yǐxià értóng de wéishēngsù D měi rì tuījiàn shè rù liàng wèi 400 guójì dānwèi (IU),1 zhì 70 suì rénqún wèi 600 IU,70 suì yǐshàng rénqún wèi 800 IU.
● Rickets. This rare condition develops in children with vitamin D deficiency. Supplementing with vitamin D can prevent and treat the problem. ● 佝偻病。 这种罕见疾病发生在缺乏维生素 D 的儿童中。 补充维生素 D 可以预防和治疗该问题。● Gōulóubìng. Zhè zhǒng hǎnjiàn jíbìng fāshēng zài quēfá wéishēngsù D de értóng zhōng. Bǔchōng wéishēngsù D kěyǐ yùfáng hé zhìliáo gāi wèntí.
Generally safe
Without vitamin D your bones can become soft, thin and brittle. Insufficient vitamin D is also connected to osteoporosis. If you don't get enough vitamin D through sunlight or dietary sources, you might need vitamin D supplements.
Safety and side effects
Taken in appropriate doses, vitamin D is generally considered safe.
However, taking too much vitamin D in the form of supplements can be harmful. Children age 9 years and older, adults, and pregnant and breastfeeding women who take more than 4,000 IU a day of vitamin D might experience:
●Nausea and vomiting
●Poor appetite and weight loss
●Constipation
●Weakness
●Confusion and disorientation
●Heart rhythm problems
●Kidney stones and kidney damage
Interactions
Possible interactions include:
●Aluminum. Taking vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders, which may be used to treat high serum phosphate levels in people with chronic kidney disease, might cause harmful levels of aluminum in people with kidney failure in the long term.
●Anticonvulsants. The anticonvulsants phenobarbital and phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek) increase the breakdown of vitamin D and reduce calcium absorption.
●Atorvastatin (Lipitor). Taking vitamin D might affect the way your body processes this cholesterol drug.
●Calcipotriene (Dovonex, Sorilux). Don't take vitamin D with this psoriasis drug. The combination might increase the risk of too much calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia).
●Cholestyramine (Prevalite). Taking vitamin D with this cholesterol-lowering drug can reduce your absorption of vitamin D.
●Cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates. Use vitamin D cautiously if you're taking drugs processed by these enzymes.
●Digoxin (Lanoxin). Avoid taking high doses of vitamin D with this heart medication. High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia, which increases the risk of fatal heart problems with digoxin.
●Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, others). Avoid taking high doses of vitamin D with this blood pressure drug. High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia, which might reduce the drug's effectiveness.
●Orlistat (Xenical, Alli). Taking this weight-loss drug can reduce your absorption of vitamin D.
●Thiazide diuretics. Taking these blood pressure drugs with vitamin D increases your risk of hypercalcemia.
●Steroids. Taking steroid mediations such as prednisone can reduce calcium absorption and impair your body's processing of vitamin D.
●Stimulant laxatives. Long-term use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce vitamin D and calcium absorption.
● Verapamil (Verelan, Calan SR). Taking high doses of vitamin D with this blood pressure drug can cause hypercalcemia, and might also reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.
一般安全 Yībān ānquán
如果没有维生素 D，您的骨骼就会变得又软、又薄又脆。rúguǒ méiyǒu wéishēngsù D, nín de gǔgé jiù huì biàn dé yòu ruǎn, yòu báo yòu cuì. 维生素 D 不足也与骨质疏松症有关。Wéishēngsù D bùzú yě yǔ gǔ zhí shūsōng zhèng yǒuguān. 如果您无法通过阳光或饮食来源获取足够的维生素 D，您可能需要补充维生素 D。Rúguǒ nín wúfǎ tōngguò yángguāng huò yǐnshí láiyuán huòqǔ zúgòu de wéishēngsù D, nín kěnéng xūyào bǔchōng wéishēngsù D.
安全性和副作用 Ānquán xìng hé fùzuòyòng
服用适当剂量的维生素 D 通常被认为是安全的。fúyòng shìdàng jìliàng de wéishēngsù D tōngcháng bèi rènwéi shì ānquán de.
然而，以补充剂形式服用过多维生素 D 可能有害。Rán'ér, yǐ bǔchōng jì xíngshì fúyòngguò duō wéishēngsù D kěnéng yǒuhài. 每天服用超过 4,000 IU 维生素 D 的 9 岁及以上儿童、成人以及孕妇和哺乳期妇女可能会出现：Měitiān fúyòng chāoguò 4,000 IU wéishēngsù D de 9 suì jí yǐshàng értóng, chéngrén yǐjí yùnfù hé bǔrǔ qí fùnǚ kěnéng huì chūxiàn:
●恶心、呕吐 Ěxīn, ǒutù
●食欲不振、体重减轻
shíyù bùzhèn, tǐzhòng jiǎnqīng
●便秘 biànmì
●弱点 ruòdiǎn
●混乱和迷失方向 hǔnluàn hé míshī fāngxiàng
●心律问题 xīnlǜ wèntí
●肾结石和肾脏损害 shèn jiéshí hé shènzàng sǔnhài
互动 hùdòng • Interactions
可能的相互作用包括：kěnéng de xiānghù zuòyòng bāokuò:
● 铝。 服用维生素 D 和含铝磷酸盐结合剂（可用于治疗慢性肾病患者的高血清磷酸盐水平），从长远来看可能会导致肾衰竭患者的铝含量达到有害水平。● Lǚ. Fúyòng wéishēngsù D hé hán lǚ línsuān yán jiéhé jì (kěyòng yú zhìliáo mànxìng shènbìng huànzhě de gāo xiěqīng línsuān yán shuǐpíng), cóng chángyuǎn lái kàn kěnéng huì dǎozhì shèn shuāijié huànzhě de lǚ hánliàng dádào yǒuhài shuǐpíng.
● 抗惊厥药。 抗惊厥药苯巴比妥和苯妥英（Dilantin、Phenytek）会增加维生素 D 的分解并减少钙的吸收。● Kàng jīngjué yào. Kàng jīngjué yào běn bā bǐ tuǒ hé běntuǒyīng (Dilantin,Phenytek) huì zēngjiā wéishēngsù D de fēnjiě bìng jiǎnshǎo gài de xīshōu.
● 阿托伐他汀（立普妥）。 服用维生素 D 可能会影响您的身体处理这种胆固醇药物的方式。● Ā tuō fá tātīng (lì pǔ tuǒ). Fúyòng wéishēngsù D kěnéng huì yǐngxiǎng nín de shēntǐ chǔlǐ zhè zhǒng dǎngùchún yàowù de fāngshì.
● 卡泊三烯（Dovonex、Sorilux）。 不要将维生素 D 与这种牛皮癣药物一起服用。 该组合可能会增加血液中钙含量过多（高钙血症）的风险。● Kǎ pō sān xī (Dovonex,Sorilux). Bùyào jiāng wéishēngsù D yǔ zhè zhòng niúpíxuǎn yàowù yīqǐ fúyòng. Gāi zǔhé kěnéng huì zēngjiā xiěyè zhōng gài hánliàngguò duō (gāo gài xiě zhèng) de fēngxiǎn.
● 考来烯胺（Prevalite）。 将维生素 D 与这种降胆固醇药物一起服用会减少维生素 D 的吸收。● Kǎo lái xī àn (Prevalite). Jiāng wéishēngsù D yǔ zhè zhǒng jiàng dǎngùchún yàowù yīqǐ fúyòng huì jiǎnshǎo wéishēngsù D de xīshōu.
● 细胞色素P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4)底物。 如果您正在服用由这些酶加工的药物，请谨慎使用维生素 D。● Xìbāo sèsù P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) dǐ wù. Rúguǒ nín zhèngzài fúyòng yóu zhèxiē méi jiāgōng di yàowù, qǐng jǐnshèn shǐyòng wéishēngsù D.
● 地高辛（Lanoxin）。 避免与这种心脏药物一起服用高剂量的维生素 D。 高剂量的维生素 D 会导致高钙血症，从而增加地高辛导致致命心脏问题的风险。● Dì gāo xīn (Lanoxin). Bìmiǎn yǔ zhè zhǒng xīnzàng yàowù yīqǐ fúyòng gāo jìliàng de wéishēngsù D. Gāo jìliàng de wéishēngsù D huì dǎozhì gāo gài xiě zhèng, cóng'ér zēngjiā dì gāo xīn dǎozhì zhìmìng xīnzàng wèntí de fēngxiǎn.
● 地尔硫卓（Cardizem、Tiazac等）。 避免与这种降压药同时服用高剂量的维生素 D。 高剂量的维生素 D 会导致高钙血症，从而可能降低药物的有效性。● De'ěrliúzhuō (Cardizem,Tiazac děng). Bìmiǎn yǔ zhè zhǒng jiàng yā yào tóngshí fúyòng gāo jìliàng de wéishēngsù D. Gāo jìliàng de wéishēngsù D huì dǎozhì gāo gài xiě zhèng, cóng'ér kěnéng jiàngdī yàowù de yǒuxiào xìng.
● 奥利司他（赛尼可、阿里）。 服用这种减肥药会减少维生素 D 的吸收。● Ào lì sī tā (sài ní kě, ālǐ). Fúyòng zhè zhǒng jiǎnféi yào huì jiǎnshǎo wéishēngsù D de xīshōu.
● 噻嗪类利尿剂。 将这些降压药与维生素 D 一起服用会增加高钙血症的风险。● Sāi qín lèi lìniào jì. Jiāng zhèxiē jiàng yā yào yǔ wéishēngsù D yīqǐ fúyòng huì zēngjiā gāo gài xiě zhèng de fēngxiǎn.
● 类固醇。 服用泼尼松等类固醇药物会减少钙的吸收并损害身体对维生素 D 的处理。Lèigùchún. Fúyòng pō ní sōng děng lèigùchún yàowù huì jiǎnshǎo gài de xīshōu bìng sǔnhài shēntǐ duì wéishēngsù D de chǔlǐ.
● 兴奋性泻药。 长期使用大剂量的刺激性泻药可减少维生素D和钙的吸收。
● Xīngfèn xìng xièyào. Chángqí shǐyòng dà jìliàng de cìjī xìng xièyào kě jiǎnshǎo wéishēngsù D hé gài de xīshōu.
● 维拉帕米（Verelan、Calan SR）。 与这种降压药一起服用高剂量的维生素 D 可能会导致高钙血症，也可能会降低维拉帕米的有效性。● Wéi lā pà mǐ (Verelan,Calan SR). Yǔ zhè zhǒng jiàng yā yào yīqǐ fúyòng gāo jìliàng de wéishēngsù D kěnéng huì dǎozhì gāo gài xiě zhèng, yě kěnéng huì jiàngdī wéi lā pà mǐ de yǒuxiào xìng.
No comments:
Post a Comment