CLIMATE upping your risk of diabetes

A new study suggests Type 2 diabetes is rising along with the temperature

Global warming, already linked to countless human health problems, may be increasing the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, including 100,000 or more new annual cases in the United States alone, according to a new study published in the journal BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.

The worrisome finding comes at a time when the world is living through the hottest years on record, and the incidence of diabetes has reached epidemic levels. Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes has roughly quadrupled since 1980.
More than 29 million Americans have diabetes, and another 86 million have pre-diabetes, putting them at risk for developing the disease. People with diabetes either don’t make enough insulin (Type 1) or can’t use insulin properly (Type 2), resulting in a buildup of blood sugar. High blood sugar can lead to heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, and amputation of toes, feet, or legs.
To be sure, heat exacerbates many chronic health conditions, including diabetes. “Hot weather can be more difficult for people with diabetes,” says Mona Sarfaty, director of the Consortium on Climate Change and Health, who was not involved in the study.

“The heat keeps people from being active, which means they expend less calories, which can lead to more weight gain,” a major risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes, she said. “Also, people with diabetes often have kidney problems. Dehydration — which comes with heat — can worsen kidney problems when people are dehydrated.”

Dehydration becomes a distinct risk at higher temperatures.

The development of Type 2 diabetes has long been linked to the growing problem of obesity, since the accumulation of fat makes body tissues less responsive to insulin.

But the study names another potentially important mechanism in the onset of diabetes: the harmful impact that higher ambient temperatures can have on metabolism. Higher temperatures reduce the activity of brown fat or “good fat,” which turns food into body heat.

Exposure to cold, on the other hand, stimulates brown fat, prompting modest weight loss and greater sensitivity to insulin — making a person less likely to develop diabetes, according to the study’s authors.


“Obesity only partially explains the association between outdoor temperature and diabetes,” says Patrick Rensen, professor of endocrinology at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands and a co-author of the paper. “We showed that more people get diabetes when the outdoor temperature is higher, but this is not because these people get more obese when it is warmer outside.”

Cold weather activates brown fat, which produces heat to keep the body warm. Rensen explained that activated brown fat “reduces the amount of fat stored in organs, without necessarily reducing body weight. Vice versa, reduced brown fat activity may thus cause glucose intolerance and diabetes by increasing unwanted fat storage in organs without necessarily increasing body weight.”


Authors say this study is the first to demonstrate a link between global warming and glucose intolerance worldwide, and between global warming and the onset of diabetes in the United States.

The scientists theorized that rising temperatures were contributing to the onset of Type 2 diabetes by reducing brown fat activity. They used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the incidence of diabetes in the United States. And they used data from the World Health Organization on the prevalence of glucose intolerance worldwide. They compared these numbers with country-level temperature data to see how they changed over time.

Controlling for factors like age, sex, income and obesity levels, researchers found that a 1.8º F increase in average temperature was associated with an increase in the incidence of diabetes and prevalence of glucose intolerance. An additional three in 10,000 Americans developed diabetes, and an additional 17 in 10,000 people worldwide developed glucose intolerance. The Earth has warmed by nearly 1.8º F since the pre-industrial era.



The proportion of U.S. adults with diabetes in each state
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ⬆

Eric Ravussin, associate executive director of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, who was not involved in the study, said the findings regarding brown fat did not surprise him, but he was concerned as to whether the researchers adjusted for racial disparities in the different parts of the country. Hispanics, Asians and Native Americans, for example, he said, “have higher genetic susceptibility to develop insulin resistance and diabetes than the rest of the population.”

Lisanne Blauw, an epidemiologist at Leiden and a co-author of the study, said that “by first doing a per-state analysis, we minimized the effect of potential geographically determined factors — like more Hispanics and Mexican-Americans in the South.”

Researchers acknowledged that physical activity could have played a role in their findings, because exercise varies with outdoor temperature, but data on Americans’ physical activity were not available for the period studied.

However, while a decrease in physical activity when it is hot “may theoretically explain our findings, physical activity has been shown to be highest between daily temperatures of [around 60º F and 70º F] and decreases with higher, but also lower temperatures,” the study says. “Therefore, we do not expect that physical activity completely explains the positive association between outdoor temperature and diabetes incidence.”

The authors stressed that because their study was observational (as opposed to experimental), they could not draw firm conclusions about cause and effect.


“Obviously we cannot prove a causal effect of higher temperature on diabetes in this specific study,” Rensen says. “However, we did show that activation of brown fat by a cold environment has beneficial health effects. So feeling a little cold is not that bad at all.”

Lose Weight With VIBRATIONS?

Machines like this one which vibrate your body while you stand on it or exercise on it have been touted by gyms as fat-busters. Doctors give their take on their effectiveness and warn that long-term use may lead to nerve and organ damage

Yes, vibration works to help you lose fat and weight – but only if you exercise and follow a sensible diet as well.

The vibration plate machine, which has a platform that vibrates while the person stands on it, has been making its presence felt in workout studios and even homes here.

Since one brand called Power Plate was first sold here six years ago, the number of dedicated Power Plate studios here has grown to six, while that of gyms that stock these machines has risen to 10, said its sole distributor Positive Impact.

It has also sold more than 300 such machines to individuals. Each costs between $5,000 and $23,000, depending on the size of the machine.

Health and wellness retail company Oto has also developed a machine based on whole body vibration. A spokesman said it has sold 25,000 units of the FLABeLOS, at $1,198 each, to individuals here since 2007.

The Power Plate studios combine pilates, kickboxing and core, stretch, toning and cardiovascular exercises with the vibration plate machine. Classes cost between $25 per group session and $90 for a one-to-one session. Each session typically lasts 40 to 45 minutes.

The principle behind this is something called “acceleration training”, in which you need a shorter amount of time to burn the same amount of calories.

Exercising on a vibration plate may also have positive effects on strength, stability and bone density, said doctors and Power Plate master trainer Tay Koon Hua.

This can be helpful for, say, those who have been injured. Exercise on the vibration plate is low-impact and lets them build up their injured muscles or joints, they added.

So far, at least two recent studies have shown that it does lead to increased fat loss.

But there are caveats. Furthermore, no long-term studies on the safety of whole body vibration exercise beyond eight months have been done yet.

BUILDING MUSCLE MASS

Medical and physiotherapy experts interviewed said standing on a vibration plate subjects the body to many small vibrations per second.

This causes the small muscles in the whole body to contract more and the tendons and ligaments to stretch more than when a person is standing on stable ground. This is because the body has to adjust constantly to the motion.

This helps build up muscle mass, strength and flexibility, said the medical experts.

Muscle cells burn more calories than other cells because they are responsible for all movements, including subtle ones such as blinking.

So the increased muscle mass will help the body to burn more calories, leading to the loss of fat.

Dr Daniel Wai, director of the obesity and metabolic unit at Singapore General Hospital, said: “The actual amount of calories burnt after one hour of such exercise (on a vibrating plate) is only around 100calories, but as muscles are built up, it helps increase the amount of energy we burn in the resting state.”

Dr Roger Tian, consultant sports physician and deputy medical director at the Singapore Sports Medicine Centre, said exercising on an unstable platform, such as the vibration plate, increases muscle use as the body tries to maintain stability.

This additional muscle use increases expenditure of calories.

Mr Tay, 39, a former physical education teacher who owns a dedicated Power Plate studio and has shares in Positive Impact, said the machine will increase exercise intensity in two ways.

It helps the body to use more than 90 per cent of its muscles. It also increases the gravitational force by two to six times when a person works out on it. Hence, it will be more difficult for a person to perform exercises on the plate than on the ground.

He said: “As more energy is needed to perform the same exercise, more calories are burnt on the vibrating plate.”

For these reasons, more body fat is lost when whole body vibration training is added to a diet or exercise regimen than either programme on its own or together, two studies have shown.

Both studies – one in Belgium and the other in the United States – were done by doctors and published in peer-reviewed journals.

In the Belgian study on 79 overweight patients published last year, doctors looked at the effect of long-term whole body vibration training on visceral fat.

Visceral fat is the fat surrounding the organs in the abdomen. Abdominal fat is made up of visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, which lies between the skin and the abdominal wall.

The patients were randomly divided into four groups. The first group received a low-calorie diet only, the second dieted and did traditional fitness training, including cardiovascular and weight exercises, the third dieted and followed a progressive Power Plate machine training programme, while the fourth was the control group.

After six months, the group which dieted and followed a Power Plate fitness regimen showed the largest percentage drop in body weight and in visceral fat.

Those in the diet and traditional fitness groups showed a slightly smaller decrease in both measurements, while the control group had no significant change.

In measurements taken at the end of the year-long study, after all participants had returned to their usual lifestyle, the group which exercised on the Power Plate machines was found to have maintained the amount of fat loss. However, the diet and fitness groups had reverted to their initial fat level.

The results were similar in the US study on 55 post-menopausal women, published in 2009. It compared the effects of no exercise, resistance training only and resistance training with whole body vibration.

At the end of eight months, the women who did not exercise gained 1.8 per cent of body fat, while those who did only resistance training lost 1.6 per cent and those who did both types of exercise lost 3 per cent.

RISK OF INTERNAL INJURY

The same effect of burning more calories can be achieved without a vibration plate, said Dr Tian. A person can simply increase the duration or speed of his workout, he said.

Ms Loy Yijun, a senior physiotherapist at National University Hospital’s centre for obesity management and surgery, said whole body vibration therapy alone would probably not lead to weight loss.

Her view is that vibration therapy aims to elicit a similar or superior response to resistance exercises by stimulating muscle reflexes and contractions.

Even if more fat is lost, a person’s cardiovascular fitness may not be significantly improved.

The limitation primarily arises from the lack of a cardiovascular workout, which is essential to burning calories, she said.

Moreover, it is important to realise that vibration plate exercise may result in potential harmful effects, doctors said.

Adjunct Associate Professor Hee Hwan Tak, an orthopaedic surgeon at Singapore Medical Group, said: “This exercise should be done with caution in the elderly or those with balance issues, for fear of falls.”

Soft tissues and body organs could be harmed by long-term vibration. For example, workers using vibration tools such as road drills can suffer from nerve damage to the hands due to chronic vibration. This is called “vibration white finger” disease.

It is not known if long-term use of vibration plate machines will create similar problems.

Dr Wai said: “We do not have studies that last longer than eight months, so do keep in mind that long-term safety is unclear.”


Evaluation of Human Response under
Vibration Condition
Hon Keung Yau, Bing Lam Luk, Sum Sang Chan

Abstract - The purpose of this study is to
investigate the human response under different
vibration frequencies. A total of nine
frequencies (1.6, 2.0, 2.5, 3.15, 4.0, 5.0, 6.3, 8.0
and 10.0Hz) were chosen as stimuli for testing in
the experiment. In this experiment, two tests
were conducted: Comparative Test and Feet Supporting
Test. Ten males and ten females were invited to
participate in the experiment. The major
findings revealed that (i) the uncomfortable
feeling increases with an increase of vibration
frequency, (ii) the feet support does have better
influence to the feeling of comfort for females
than males.

Index Terms – comparative test, human
response, supporting test, vibration

Manuscript received November 15, 2011.
H. K. Yau is with the Department of Systems Engineering and
Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong (corresponding author to provide phone:
852-34426158, Fax: 852-34420173. 

B. L. Luk is with the Department of Mechanical and
Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong,
Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

S. S. Chan was with the Department of Mechanical
and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong
Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong .

I. INTRODUCTION
In Hong Kong, most people take the public
transport to various destinations like schools and
offices every day. Common vibrations we can
experience come mainly from the uneven road,
changing of speed, sound produced when a sudden
stop of the bus and train, etc, and these vibrations
can cause damages to us. Different vibrations can
cause different levels of uncomfortable feeling on
males and females. Some past studies have
investigated how vibration affected working
efficiency, safety and health [5]. However, few
studies investigated the gender differences, if any,
in the human response under different vibration
frequencies. Therefore, we fill this research gap in
this study.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Vibration interferes with people’s working
efficiency, safety and health [5]. It also causes
discomfort, fatigue and physical pain [3]. Our
health are affected if the strength of vibration is
too large or the duration of vibration is too long
[1]. Past research results showed that feeling of
discomfort increases when the frequency increases
[8]. 5Hz is the resonance frequency for whole-body vibration.
It was also shown that the spine, inner organs and muscle are in
resonance when vibration frequency reaches 8Hz [6], [7]. The
feeling of discomfort increases even higher when more than one
organ of our body are in resonance. The thigh’s stiffness

can only affect little on the feeling of discomfort during vibration [7] while the tensed posture can increase
our stiffness and decrease the feeling of discomfort [4]. In
addition, the posture of tensed upper body
increases the stiffness of body so as to
increase the resonance frequency [2]. Due to
the resonance of spine and inner organs, the
uncomfortable index increases rapidly [6].
Besides, the uncomfortable feeling is much
worse than the relax pose or even cause
damage to our back if the vibration strength
reaches the resonance frequency [3].
III. RESEARCH METHOD
A. Participants
Twenty people (10 males and 10 females)
were invited to participate in the experiment.
They were of average age 21.95 years,
168.1cm tall and 59.1kg weight.
B. Design of experiment
To acquire the data, the following two tests were
conducted:
(i) Comparative test
(ii) Feet supporting test
(i) Comparative Test
 Method of magnitude estimation
1. To take the stimulus of 5Hz as a reference
2. Try other stimuli
3. Give an uncomfortable index comparing with the
reference stimulus
(ii)Feet Supporting Test
 Method of magnitude estimation
1. Try stimulus without feet support/upper body
relax as a reference stimulus
2. Try the same stimulus with feet support/ upper
body tensed
3. Give uncomfortable index comparing to the
reference stimulus
C. Experiment procedure
For the comparative test, participants were
tested under different vibration frequencies to
analyse discomfort effect at different frequencies.
If the test did not mention about the posture, then
the posture was assumed as upper body relax
without feet support. As many literatures pointed
out that 5Hz was the first starting resonance
frequency, a comparative test referencing at 5Hz
was carried out. Firstly, the participants were
asked to take a stimulus of 5Hz for 4 seconds and a
random selected frequency for another 4 seconds.
After the testing of the two stimuli, participants
were asked to fill in an uncomfortable index survey
as 100 was the mark for 5Hz. For example, if the
participant felt that the selected frequency caused
half uncomfortable feeling compared to that at 5Hz,
then he/she should fill in 50. If they think the
uncomfortable feeling is twice, they should fill in
200. Through the test, we could see whether there
were any differences between the male and
female’s responses at the same vibration level.
For the feet supporting test, participants were
exposed under all vibration frequencies with feet
support for 30 seconds. After that, they were asked
to fill in the uncomfortable index survey.
The test and frequency sequence was
randomized and counterbalanced across trials but
each pair of males and females was under the same
sequence for the analysis of difference in males
and females.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

(a) Comparative test

Table I: Results of Comparative test
Frequency Index combination

Index male

Index female

1.6Hz 32.25 43 21.5
2.0Hz 39 48 30
2.5Hz 42.75 52 33.5
3.15Hz 62.5 70 55
4Hz 80 82.5 77.5
6.3Hz 117.25 119 115.5
8Hz 144.5 144 145
10Hz 184.5 183 186 

From the Table I, the correlation between
uncomfortable index and frequency for male
and female participants are 0.999 and 0.998,
respectively. Feeling of discomfort basically
increased when the frequency increased. This
finding is consistent with the results of Subashi
et al. [8]. Feelings of both males and females were similar
after the resonance frequency 5Hz. The feeling of
discomfort started to increase obviously at 5Hz. That
may be due to the appearance of resonance since 5Hz
which was mentioned by many researchers as the
resonance frequency for whole-body vibration [6], [7]. As
the resonance frequency will make participants feel more
uncomfortable than other frequencies, the feeling may
become similar for both males and females. There is a
large difference for the response of male respondents than
females for all frequencies except 10Hz. Besides, the
difference between males and females in response became
smaller after 5Hz, we can estimate that the vibration
strength may be too large to make both male and female
feel very uncomfortable, so that the response of males and
females are similar after 5Hz. Therefore, it can be
concluded that the resonance made the response in males
and females become similar after 5Hz. At 8Hz and 10Hz,
the uncomfortable feeling increased rapidly, the
uncomfortable index for 10Hz was almost twice of 5Hz.
That may be due to the resonance of our organs. The spine,
inner organs and muscle was in resonance when the
frequency reached 8Hz [6]. If more than one organ of our
body were in resonance, the feeling of discomfort
increased even higher.

(b) Feet Supporting Test

Table II: Results of feet support test

Frequency Index combination

Index male

Index female

1.6Hz 97.5 95 100
2.0Hz 96.5 98 95
2.5Hz 88.5 92 85
3.15Hz 89.25 90 88.5
4Hz 81.5 87 76
5Hz 80.75 84 77.5
6.3Hz 79 84 74
8Hz 72 82 62
10Hz 74.5 88 61

From the results (Table II), we noted that the
feet support does have better influence to the
feeling of comfort for females than males. The
correlation coefficients for males and females are
0.708 and 0.994 respectively. The uncomfortable
index keeps on decreasing when the frequency
increases up to 5Hz for females. This indicates that
the feet support can help to reduce the feeling of
discomfort. We also noted that the uncomfortable
index for females is lower at almost all frequencies
in the condition of using feet support. That may be
due to the difference in strength of buttock for
male and female. Besides, the feet support can decrease
the feeling of discomfort. As mentioned by some
researchers [7], the thigh’s stiffness will affect little
on the feeling of discomfort during vibration. Instead,
tensed posture can increase our stiffness and decrease the
feeling of uncomfortable [4]. Therefore, the difference
in response between male and female becomes
more obvious after 5Hz. Also, the variation of
uncomfortable index at the same frequency is quite
similar for both male and female as shown from the
table 2. The difference in response between males
and females become most significant at 8Hz and
10Hz. The figure shows a significant difference
between male and female at 8Hz and 10Hz. The
uncomfortable index keeps on decreasing but rising
at 10Hz for males, it may be due to the resonance
in organs as mentioned from the comparative test
[6]. But the feet support test is not suitable for all
people as some participants claimed that the feet
support will make them feel more uncomfortable at
some frequencies.

V. CONCLUSION
A series of human factors experiments
concerning the human response under different
vibration conditions was conducted in this study. It
was concluded that the uncomfortable feeling
increased with the increase of vibration frequency.
The difference in response for males and females is 
not significant after 5Hz. Also, the feet
support was more useful for females than
males. It seemed that feet support provided
more help to females than males especially at
8Hz and 10Hz. It may be due to the difference
in strength of buttock because the feet support
increased the loading of the buttock.

REFERENCES
[1] C.M. Byung, C.C. Soon and J.P. Se., “Automatic responses
of young passengers contingent to the speed and driving
model of a vehicle,” Int J Ind Ergon Vol. 29, pp. 187-198,
2002.

[2] Y. Huang, and M.J. Griffin, “Effect of voluntary periodic
muscular activity on nonlinearity in the apparent mass of the
seated human body during vertical random whole-body
vibration,” Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 298, pp. 824-
840, 2006.

[3] J.Z. Liu, M. Kubo, and H. Aoki, “A study on the difference
of human sensation evaluation to whole body vibration in
sitting and lying postures,” Appl Hum Sci, Vol. 14, pp. 219 –
226, 1995.

[4] Y. Matsumoto, and M.J. Griffin, “Non-linear characteristics
in the dynamic responses of seated subjects exposed to
vertical whole-body vibration,” Journal of Biomechanical
Engineering Vol. 124, pp. 527-532, 2002.

[5] R.W. Mcleod, and M.J. Griffin, “Mechanical vibration
included interference with manual control performance,”
Ergonomics Vol. 38, pp. 1431-1444, 1995.

[6] Mester, Spitzepfeil, and Yue., “Vibration Loads: Potential for
strength and Power development”, 2003

[7] N. Nawayseh and M.J. Griffin, “Non-linear dual-axis
biodynamic response to vertical whole-body vibration,”
Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 268, pp. 503–523, 2002.

[8] G.H.M.J. Subashia, and N. Nawaysehb, Y. Matsumotoa, and
M.J. Griffin, (2008). “Nonlinear subjective and dynamic
responses of seated subjects exposed to horizontal wholebody
vibration,” Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 321,
pp. 416–434, 2008 .

Chapter 1 THERE HAS TO BE AN ALTERNATIVE

Chapter 1

 THERE HAS TO BE AN ALTERNATIVE

  Thirty years ago, diseases such as colon cancer, prostate cancer, and diverticular disease were virtually unknown. Today, they are almost a certainty if you live long enough.1*  Consider: 

What We Pay for Health Care 

  Never in the history of the world has any other country come close to having as many doctors as we do in the United States: approximately 700,000 according to the US Census.

   And never in the entire history of the world has any other country come close to spending as much as we do on health care: a conservative 1 trillion dollars a year. That means that what we spend on health care is more than the entire Gross National Product of all but six countries in the world today[2**] . 

[1* Sources for statistics are endless, and, depending on what source is used, actual numbers may vary. But regardless of how the numbers may vary, two things remain constant: the steadily increasing trend of major diseases (such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases) and the exponentially rising costs associated with those diseases.]

[ 2** Figures for the amount spent on health care in the United States range from $1-1.4 trillion per year. But even at the lower $1 trillion figure, that's still more than the GNP of 124 out of the world's 130 countries.]

What Value Have We Received.... 

We lead the developed world in deaths from 
>Heart disease 

>Prostate cancer. 

>Breast cancer 

>Colorectal cancer 

>Diabetes 

The American Cancer Society now says that one in every 2.5 individuals will develop some form of invasive cancer during their lifetime—and half of them will die from it. 

  Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease in children under the age of 10. 

  And even though we spend $100 billion dollars a year on cancer treatment and research, the overall survival rate for cancer patients is no better than it was 50 or 100 years ago. 

And It's Getting Worse 

Immune Diseases; Obesity; Premature Aging; Heart Disease; Joint Pain; Breathing Difficulties; Hemorrhoids; High Cholesterol; PMS; Chronic Fatigue; Constipation; Malnutrition.

And It's Getting Worse

  The incidence of diabetes in the United States has doubled in just the last 5 years! 

  Fifty years ago, diverticular disease (herniations of the colon) were virtually unknown (afflicting less than 10% of the American population). Today, according to the Merck Manual, 100% of all Americans will have many—if they live long enough. 

  Thirty years ago, colorectal cancer was virtually unknown. Today, it is the single most prevalent cancer among men and women combined. 

  The number of Americans who suffer from Asthma, according to the Centers for Disease Control, has risen by an astounding 75% in just the last 20 years. 

  Breast cancer rates are up 30% in just the last 15 years.

And on . . . and on . . . and on

And now it's official: In the Feb. 9, 1994 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the “War on Cancer” was declared a failure. “In all age groups, cancer incidence is increasing . . . Few new, effective treatments have been devised for the most common cancers.”

And the Most Shocking Fact of All

The April 15, 1998 Journal of the American Medical Association reported that there are more than 2,000,000 drug “reactions” annually in the United States, and that more than 100,000 of those reactions are fatal. This makes prescription drugs the 4th leading
cause of death in America. But the reality is actually much much worse.

  These numbers only count drugs that are prescribed correctly and at the right dose.

  Not included are patients who are given the wrong drugs, or who are given those drugs at the wrong dosage or in the wrong combination.

  And these numbers do not include the patients who have fatal reactions to the
drugs, but whose death is mistakenly attributed to other causes

  Nor do these numbers include the patients whose cause of death is deliberately obscured
to protect the physicians and hospitals involved

- Add in these numbers and you find that deaths from adverse reactions to drugs may number as high as 700,000 a year. (Actually, the FDA estimates that only 1% of all adverse reactions are reported [1*]which, if true, would make 700,000 an incredibly
conservative estimate.) And finally, combine that 700,000 with the number of people who die from misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment, secondary infections received in hospitals, or just plain physician error,[2**]and the startling fact you're left with is that
modern medicine, despite all the great things it may have accomplished, is arguably the single leading cause of death in the United States.

Understand, this is not an attack on medical doctors—the vast majority of whom are extremely competent, highly dedicated, and often even heroic. Nevertheless, it is important to realize that when it comes to the major diseases of our time, the modern medical paradigm of searching for "magic bullets" and managing symptoms with drugs has failed miserably.

There Has to Be an Alternative!

There is a network of elite herbalists, holistic healers, and renegade medical doctors throughout the world, performing miracles on a daily basis. The network is not only elite, it is also extremely difficult to penetrate because it is technically illegal to diagnose or treat people for major diseases unless you use the FDA approved modalities such as Cutting, Burning, and Poisoning (surgery, radiation, and chemo). Thousands of people throughout the world have come to these "miracle doctors" terminally ill, and thousands have left perfectly healthy. And now the secrets of these miracle doctors are revealed in this book.

[1* A study by a group of French doctors actually makes that 1% estimate seem wildly optimistic. The study found that only about 1 out of every 24,000 adverse reactions is actually reported by doctors to the appropriate monitoring agency.]

[2** Just one example of how high these numbers actually are: On the ABC News Nightline program, the Harvard School of Public Health stated that approximately 1.3 million people a year suffer some kind of inury because of hospital treatment, and 180,000 of those people die.] 

  In the following pages, I will share with you those things that I have learned in my 30+ years of working with, studying with, and sharing with these remarkable healers. By the time you have
finished, you will have learned everything you need to know (in precise detail) to optimize your own health (and the health of those you know and love) and to live a long and happy life.

   1. In the next chapter, I will outline the principles of The Baseline of Health. If you read no other chapter in this book, the heart of everything I have to say is located here.

   2. The rest of the chapters in the book address all of the different body systems you need to concern yourself with in order to optimize your health—and give you step-by-step pointers on how to accomplish just that.

   3. In conclusion, I will provide you with very specific product and useage recommendations.

  Note: Keep in mind that good health really comes down to "playing the odds."

  For example, if you smoke cigarettes, there's no guarantee that you're going to get sick and die. (We've all heard stories of the man who smoked and drank like a fiend for 80 years, only to be shot to death by a jealous husband when the smoker was discovered
in bed with the other man's 20-year-old wife.) On the other hand, there's no question that your odds of having emphysema or lung cancer or of having parts of your mouth, lips, and tongue surgically removed increase dramatically if you smoke. It's all a question of odds.

  Well, in the same way, if you follow the program laid down in this book, your odds of having good health and long life are significantly increased—not guaranteed, but significantly increased. Oh yes, and you're going to feel a whole lot better, have more energy, vitality, sexuality, youthfulness, and radiance in the process.


Good Health And Long Life

Wisdom of Water : Cure Obesity, Cancer, Depression

Wisdom of Water Cure Obesity, Cancer, Depression

To Our Creator : In Awe with Humility, Dedication and Love.

The Common Cause & Natural Cure for Obesity, Cancer, Depression are Dehydration & Re-hydration, respectively.

You are not sick, you are dehydrated!
Regain your vibrant health with water.

CHAPTER 8 :THE IDEAL DIET FOR ALL DEHYDRATION-PRODUCED DISEASES

Chronic dehydration produces many symptoms, signs, and eventually degenerative diseases.  The physiological outcomes of the sort of dehydration that produces any of the problem mentioned earlier in this blog (read earlier posts) are almost the same.  Different bodies manifest the early symptoms of drought differently, but in persistent dehydration that has been camourflaged by prescription medications , one by one the other symptoms and signs will kick in, and eventually the person (victim of dehydration) will suffer from multiple "disease." 

You saw it in the case of Andrew Bauman. We in medicine have labeled these conditions as outright diseases or have grouped them as different "syndromes."  In recent years, we have grouped some of the syndromes - with some typical blood tests - and called them autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, insulin-dependent diabetes, and so on. 

Medical research has until now been conducted on the assumption that many conditions -- which I consider to be states of dehydration or its complications -- are diseases of "unknown etiology." From the presently held perspectives of human health problems, we are not allowed to use the word cure. You can at best "treat" a problem and hope it goes "into remission."

From my perspective , most painful degenerative diseases are states of local or regional drought -- with varying patterns. It naturally follows that, once the drought and its metabolic complications are corrected, the problem will be cured if the dehydration damage is not extensive.  I also believe that to evaluate "deficiency disorders" -- water deficiency being one of them -- we do not need to observe the same research protocol that are applied to the research of chemical products. Identifying the shortage and correcting the deficiency are all we need to do to cure the problem.  Deficiency disorders are curable ; we can use the word cure to refer to the results ! 

It is now clear that the treatment for all dehydration-produced conditions is the same -- a single treatment protocol for umpteen numbers of conditions.  Isn't that great ! One program or one solution solves so many problems and avoid costly and unnecessary interference with the body.

The first step in this treatment program involves a clear and determined upward adjustment of daily water intake.  Persistent dehydration also causes a disproportionate loss of certain elements that should be adequately available in the stored reserves in the body.  Naturally, the ideal treatment protocol will also involves an appropriate correction of associated metabolic disturbances.  In short, treatment of dehydration-produced diseases also involves correction of the secondary deficiencies that water deficiency imposes on some tissues of the body. This multiple-deficiency phenomenon caused by dehydration is at the root of many degenerative diseases, including the autoimmune conditions like lupus and AIDS and, naturally, cancer. 

HOW MUCH WATER AND WHEN? 

The human body needs no less than two quarts* of water and some salt every day to compensate for its natural losses in urine , respiration, perspiration.  Less than this will cause a burden on the kidneys, which will have to work harder to concentrate the urine, excreting as much chemical toxic waste with as little water as possible.  This process explains why so many people end up needing dialysis in the final years of their drastically shortened lives. 

By and large, an average-sized body needs about four quarts* of water a day.  You give it two quarts* in the form of water ; the other two quarts are supplied from metabolism and the water content of food, such as fresh fruits and colorful vegetables. The body needs these four quarts of water to produce around two quarts of urine -- an amount that will prevent your kidneys from working too hard to concentrate the urine ( thus the light-colored urine of well-hydrated people).  Your lungs use more than a quart of water a day -- this much water is evaporated in the process of breathing.  The rest of the water is needed for perspiration and proper hydration of the skin, which is constantly losing water into the air around it.  Some water is also needed for keeping feces moist to facilitate bowel movements.  In hot climate more water is needed for this purpose.

A rough rule of thumb for those who are heavy set is to drink 1/2 ounce(U.S. fluid-ounce measurement) of water for every pound of body weight per day. Example, a 200-pound person thus needs at least 100 fluid-ounces of water daily. 

Water should be taken anytime you are thirsty, even in the middle of a meal. Water intake in the middle of a meal does not drastically affect the process of digestion, but dehydration  during food intake does affect digestion.

Drink at least two glasses of water first thing in the morning to compensate for the water loss during eight hours of sleep. Here are the best times to take water during the rest of the day.

Half an hour before each major meal of the day, drink one or two glasses of water and give it time to establish its regulatory processes before you introduce food into your system.  Those people suffering from obesity, depression, or cancer should make sure to drink two glasses of water. During that half-hour, the water is absorbed into the system and is once again secreted into the stomach, preparing it to receive solid foods.  When you drink enough water before eating food, you avoid many problems of the gastrointestinal tract, including bloating, heartburn , colitis, constipation, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, hiatal hernia, cancer of intestinal tract, and of course extra weight gain.

Two to two and a half hours (2 to 2.5 hours) after you've eaten, drink another 8-12 fluid-ounces of water (depending on the amount of food consumed) .  This will stimulate the satiety hormones and wrap up the digestive processes in the intestinal tract. It will also keep you from experiencing a false sensation of hunger when your body is simply craving more water to complete the digestion of already eaten food. 

Water should be taken at regular intervals throughout the day to avoid thirst. Remember this fact, when you first feel thirsty, your body has already entered into 2 percent dehydration. So you must drink water to prevent dehydration to kick in. Be sure to drink water before any physical activity, such as going for a walk, window shopping or other more strenuous forms of exercise that cause sweating. I will explain how much salt to take later. 

CORRECTING THE COMPLICATIONS OF DEHYDRATION

 A change of lifestyle is vital for the correction of any dehydration-produced disorder. The backbone of the WaterCure program is : 

1. Sufficient water and salt intake daily.

2. Regular exercise. WHAT ARE THE BEST FORMS OF EXERCISE? (Check Here Later 233)

3. A balanced, mineral-rich diet that includes lots of fresh fruits and vegetables, as colorful as available , and the fats needed to make cell membranes, hormones, and nerve insulation.  Please abandon your  cholesterol hang-up (if any).

4. Exclusion of caffeine and alcohol.

5. Meditation to detoxify stressful thoughts. You might try this.

6. Exclusion of artificial sweeteners.

Also remember that the sort of dehydration that manifests itself in asthma leaves other scars within the body.  This is why asthma in childhood is so devastating and can expose a child to so many health problems in later life, as you saw in the case of Andrew Bauman. My understanding of the damaging effects of cellular dehydration during childhood is the reason I have been concentrating my effort on eradicating asthma among children.  

WHY IS WATER SO IMPORTANT FOR THE PREVENTION AND CURE OF OBESITY,  DEPRESSION , AND CANCER ? 

Here are the primary functions of water in the human body : 

1. Water is the vehicle of transport for circulating blood cells --- the core of the immune system.

2. Water is a solvent for critical materials, including oxygen and the minerals that maintain the body cells in their healthy plum-like state.

3. Water is the bulk material that fills empty spaces in the body. There is no vacuum between the cells. 

4. Water is the adhesive that binds solid parts of the cell together by forming a membrane or protective barrier around the cell.  In dehydration, this adhesive responsibility is passed on to cholesterol.

5. The neurotransmission systems of the brain and nerves depend on rapid movement of sodium and potassium in and out of the membranes along the full length of the nerves. Water that is loose and not bonded with something else is free to move across the cell membrane and turn the "element-moving" pumps. 

6. Some of the element-moving pumps are voltage-generating pumps.  Thus, efficiency of neurotransmission systems depends on the availability of free and un-engaged water in nerve tissues.  In its osmotic urge to get into the cell, water generates energy by turning the pump units that force potassium into the cell and push sodium outside the cell -- much like water turning the turbines at a hydroelectric dam - water reservoir to make electricity. 

7. A cell membrane has two layers ; between these layers is a constantly moving canal of water in which most outside messages are processed/ in dehydration, the enzyme activity in this canal becomes less efficient , and the cell becomes correspondingly less active in its natural functions.  This is when cholesterol gets used in the cell membrane to prevent further dehydration . Fig 8-1. Model of Hydrated and Dehydrated segments of a bi-layer cell membrane and the channel of water that circles round the cell in between the two layers of the membrane. The channel acts as a "water highway," where all the chemical exchanges of the cell with tis outside world is carried out. 


Membrane Potential ( CLICK FOR FURTHER LEARNING)

In dehydrated cell membrane: Cholesterol plaques plug the cell membrane pores to prevent water loss. In dehydration, cholesterol is an adhesive that binds cell membrane structure together. Body will activate hypertension to get the water through the membrane. 

(Protein scaffolding of the cell membrane) <<CLICK>>

In well-hydrated cell membrane: Cell membrane pores are not obstructed and water can seep through (i.e. by infusion, flow rate of 0.001 cm per second) the membrane to get inside the cell. (Click here to learn more, The wide range of membrane permeabilities of different compounds in the cell. )

8. Up to now, however, it has been assumed that all energy storage in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the substance that "burns" and gives out "heat" to "cook" any of the chemical reactions allowing a cell to function is from from food intake.  This is why water has not received much attention as a source of energy in the energy-generating systems in the human body. 

9. Water is the central regulators of energy and osmotic balance in the body. Sodium and potassium stick to the protein of the pump and act as the magnets of the dynamo.  When water rotates the pump proteins, electricity is generated.  The rapid turn of these cation pumps generates energy that is stored at many different locations in three different pool types : 

(A). ATP is one type of energy pool.
(B). Another energy storage pool is GTP ( guanosine triphosphate).
(C). A third system is in the endoplasmic reticulum that captures and traps calcium.  For every two units of calcium that are trapped, the energy equivalent of one unit of ATP is stored in the connection of the two calcium atoms.
For every two units of calcium that are separated from one another and released, one unit of energy -- to make a new unit of ATP -- is also released. This mechanism of calcium entrapment, as a means of energy storage, makes the bone structure of the human body not only its scaffolding but also its "Fort Knox"-- sort of like investing your cash in gold reserve, Hence, when there is severe dehydration and, consequently, a decreased supply of hydroelectric energy, the body taps into the bones for their energy storage. Thus,  the primary cause of osteoporosis in persistent dehydration. 

To prevent osteoporosis, or soft bones , you need to increase bone density by making the absorption of calcium more efficient. Toward this end, more vitamin D has to be made from solar conversion of cholesterol deposits in the skin to cholecalciferol -- vitamin D3.

Are You Taking the Right Type of Oral Vitamin D?

Cholesterol is the building block for practically all hormones of the body ; vitamin D is also produced from cholesterol.  This connection of high turnover of stored energy in the bone structure to an increased need for vitamin D activity to rebuild the bones is the signal for the liver to make more cholesterol as the precursor** to vitamin D. Note: **In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound. In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.

It is a marker of scientific ignorance to attempt to lower cholesterol levels via chemicals drugs. Increased water intake and exposure to some sunlight is a less harmful way to regulate cholesterol levels of the circulating blood. 

Cholesterol-lowering medications are dangerous. Forewarned is forearmed. I have mentioned some of their problems earlier in this blog. Here is another eye-opener for you. Duane Graveline, M.D. -- a former N A S A astronaut, USAF(United States Air Force) flight surgeon, and space medicine research scientist -- published an article in the August-September 2004 issue of the Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients called "Transient Global Amnesia : A Side Effect of Statin Treatment." Dr. Graveline's own devastating experience led him to research this problem. 

He has identified complete memory loss as one of the side effects of cholesterol-lowering medications. He states : ". . . thousands of case reports of memory dysfunction started flooding in from patients across the country, all with the same common thread -- association with statin drug use. And the amnesia is just the tip of the iceberg of the true incidence of memory impairment associated with Lipitor, Mevacor , and Zocor.  For every case of amnesia, thousands of cases of extreme forgetfulness , incapacitating confusion and profound disorientation have been and are being reported. Neither patients nor doctors  are aware of this side effects."

10. The foods that we eat are the products of energy conversion from the initial electrical-energy-generating properties of water and sunlight.  All living and growing species, humans included, survive as a result of energy generation from water. One major problem in the scientific evaluation of the human body is the lack of understanding of the magnitude of our body's  dependence on hydroelectricity for energy.

11. The electricity produced at the cell membrane also forces nearby proteins to align their receptive points and prepare for chemical reactions. 

WATER IS THE FIRST NUTRIENT THE BODY NEEDS

Here are some of the other reasons why your body needs water every day. 

1. Without water nothing lives.

2. Comparative shortage of water suppresses and eventually kills some aspects of the body.

3. Water is the main source of energy -- the "cash flow" of the body.

4. Water generates electrical and magnetic energy inside each and every cell of the body -- it provides the power to live. 

5. Water prevents DNA damage and makes its repair mechanisms more efficient -- less abnormal DNA* is made. * DNA is abbre- viation for DeoxyriboNuclei Acid. 

6. Water increases greatly the efficiency of the immune system in the bone marrow where the immune system is formed (all its mechanisms) -- including its efficiency against cancer. 

7. Water is the main solvent for all foods, vitamins, and minerals. It is used in the breakdown of food into smaller particles and their eventual metabolism and assimilation.

8. Water energizes food, and food particles are then able to supply the body with this energy during digestion.  This is why food without water has absolutely no energy value for the body. 

9. Water increases the rate of absorption into the body of essential substances in food. 

10. Water is used to transport all substances inside the body.

11. Water increases the efficiency of red blood cells in collecting oxygen in the lungs. 

12. When water reaches a cell, it brings the cell oxygen and takes the waste gases to the lungs for disposal. 

13. Water clears toxic waste from different parts of the body and takes it to the liver and kidneys for disposal.

14. Water is the main lubricant in the joint spaces and prevents arthritis and back pain.

15. Water is used in the spinal discs to make them "shock-absorbing water cushions." (CLICK HERE to view Degenerative Disc DiseaseVideo)

16. Water is the best lubricating laxative and prevents constipation.

17. Water prevents heart attacks and strokes.

18. Water prevents clogging of arteries in the heart and the brain.

19. Water is essential for the human body's cooling (sweat) and heating (electrical) systems.

20. Water gives us power and electrical energy for all brain functions, particularly thinking.

21. Water is directly needed for the efficient manufacture of all neurotransmitters, including serotonin. 

22. Water is directly needed for the production of all hormones made by the brain, including melatonin. Sleep in the dark places so pineal gland can produce melatonin. The pineal gland is a tiny endocrine gland found in the brain. It produces and secretes the hormone melatonin, which is a hormone that helps regulate biological rhythms such as sleep and wake cycles. ... However, this normal circadian rhythm can be thrown off by factors including jet lag and working the night shift.


23. Water prevents Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) in children and adults. 

24. Water increases efficiency at work; it expands your attention span.

25. Water is a better pick-me-up than any other beverage in the world -- and it has no side effects. 

26. Water prevent stress, anxiety, and depression.

27. Water restores normal sleep rhythms.

28. Water prevents fatigue -- it gives the energy of youth.

29. Water makes the skin smooth and prevent aging.

30. Water gives luster and shine to the eyes. 

31. Water prevent glaucoma.

32. Water normalizes the blood manufacturing systems in the bone marrow -- it helps prevent leukemia and lymphoma.

33. Water is absolutely vital for making the immune system more efficient in different regions to fight infections and cancer cells where they are formed.

34. Water dilutes the blood and prevents it from clotting during circulation.

35. Water decreases premenstrual pains and hot flashes. 

36. Water and heartbeats create the dilution and "waves" that keep things from "sedimenting" in the blood stream.  

37. The human body has no water storage to draw on during dehydration. This is why you must drink regularly and throughout the day. (Follow my 10%- 90-minutes formula.)

38. Dehydration prevents sex hormone production -- one of the primary causes of impotence and loss of libido.  Always drink a glass 45 minutes prior going into the love-chamber. 

39. Drinking water separates the sensations of thirst and hunger.

40. To lose excess weight, water is the best and safest way to go -- drink water on time and lose weight without much dieting. Also, you will not eat excessively when you are only thirsty for water.

41. Dehydration causes deposits of toxic sediments in the tissue spaces, fat stores, joints, kidneys, liver, brain, and skin.  water will clear these deposits. 

42. Water takes away the morning sickness of pregnancy. 

43. Water integrates mind and body functions. It increases the ability to realize goals and purpose.

44. Water prevents the loss of memory as we age.  water prevents Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Lou Gehrig's disease. 

45. Water reverses addictive urges, including those for caffeine. alcohol, and some drugs. 

BLOOD IS A RED RIVER OF WATER

Blood is normally about 94 percent water when the human body is fully hydrated (red cells are actually "water bags" that contain the colored hemoglobin).  Inside the cells of the body there should ideally be about 75 percent water.  Because of this difference in water levels outside and inside the  cells, an osmotic flow of water into the cells normally occurs. There are hundreds of thousands of voltage-generating pump units at the cell membranes, just like the turbines used in hydroelectric dams.  The water that flows through them rotates these pumps. This rush of water creates hydroelectric energy.  At the same time, and as part of the same process, element such as sodium and potassium are exchanged. 

Only water that is free and can move about -- the water you drink -- generates hydroelectric energy at the cell membrane.  The previously supplied water that is now busy with other functions cannot leave its binding position to rush elsewhere.  This is why water by itself should be considered the most suitable pick-me-up beverage and should be consumed at regular intervals during the day. The good thing about water as a source of energy is the fact that excess water is passed out of the body.  It manufactures the needed energy to top up the reserves in the cells and then leaves the human body with the toxic waste of the cells. It is not stored. 

When there is dehydration because a person is not drinking enough water, the cells become depleted of their ready energy.  They then  habitually depend on more energy generation from the intake of  food instead of water.  In this situation, the body is pushed into  storing fat and using its protein and starch reserves, because it is  immediately easier to break these elements down than the stored  fat.
This is why 40 percent of the people in the country are grossly overweight : Their bodies are engaged in perpetual crisis management of dehydration. 

WATER IS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY
 The word hydrolysis ( loosening, dissolving, breaking, or splitting by the participating action of water ) is used when water becomes involved in the metabolism of other materials.  Activities that depend on hydrolysis include the breakdown of proteins into their component amino acids, and the breakdown of large fatty particles into smaller fatty acid units.  Without water, hydrolysis cannot take place.  It follows, then, that the hydrolytic function of water also constitutes the metabolism of water itself. What this means is that water itself needs to be broken down first -- hydrolyzed -- before the human body can use the various components in food. This is why we need to supply the human body with water before we eat solid foods. 

Now that we are on this point , let me once again share with you the figures that stress the importance of water as a supplier of energy, especially for brain functions. 

Figure 8-2. Energy is measured in kilo Joules. One kilo Joule is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 pound (or 0.4535 kilogram) (1 kilograms equals to 2.2 pounds) of water to 1 degree Fahrenheit. (Human Body temperature) 

MgATP (600) + H2O = ADP3- (1500) / ADPH2- (600) + Mg2+(998) / H+(1168) + H2PO4-(318) / HPO4,2-(1251)

One unit of magnesium-ATP from the stockpile of energy at the cell membrane has about 600 units of energy before it is hydrolyzed.  When it is hydrolyzed into its component parts , the total energy  content reaches to about 5,835 units. (These figures are taken from an article published by P. George and co-workers : Biochem Biophys Acta 223, no. 1, 1970.) (ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main source of energy in cells, must be bound to a magnesium ion in order to be biologically active. What is called ATP is often actually Mg-ATP.^[4]  ) (Fig. 1. Views of ATP and related structures.  )  

All the foods that we eat and digest need to be hydrolyzed before the human body can tap into their contents. The benefits they offer the body become available because of the "magical" effect  of water, which breaks the products into their more easily digestible and water-energized components.

Dear honorable reader of Healthy Wealth blog-site, 
 Now you know why water is a nutrient and how it generates energy. Water dissolves all the minerals, proteins, starches, and other water-soluble components and , as blood , carries them around the human body for distribution. Think of blood as seawater that has a few breeds of fish in it -- red cells, white cells, platelets, proteins, and enzymes, all swimming to a destination. The blood serum has almost the same mineral consistency and proportions as seawater. 

The human body is in constant need of water. it is losing water though the lungs when we breathe out. The body is losing water in perspiration from the skin, in urine production, and in daily bowel movements. Water deficit causes constipation. A good gauge for the water needs of the human body is the color of urine. 
1. A well-hydrated person produces colorless  urine --- not counting the color of vitamins or color additives in processed edibles.  
2. A comparatively dehydrated person produces translucent-yellow urine. 
3. A truly dehydrated person produces urine that is orange in color.
4. Also: A well hydrated person is never constipated : a constipated person is truly a dehydrated person! 

In the next posts that follows, the importance of minerals and food components are briefly discussed.  For a more thorough understanding of the importance of nutrition in maintaining health and well-being, I recommend the following book. A Complete Illustrated Guide to Vitamins and Minerals : A Practical Approach to a Healthy Diet and Safe Supplementation by Denise Mortimore, BSc , PhD, DHD :ISBN 0607-2717-1. ) You will enjoy reading this  book.

Product Description of  A Complete Illustrated Guide to Vitamins and Minerals : A Practical Approach to a Healthy Diet and Safe Supplementation by Denise Mortimore, BSc , PhD, DHD.

From the Back Cover

Everything you’ve ever wanted to know about vitamins and minerals you’ll find in this practical, easy-to-use guide to a healthy diet and the safe use of supplements. Each vitamin or mineral has its own entry, and the excellent text is supported by informative illustrations and diagrams. Also included in the guide:
• What is a healthy diet? What you need and what you need to avoid.
• Who needs what? The different supplement requirements for different groups of people.
• I’m stressed – help! Specific illnesses, which can be due to vitamin deficiencies, and how to treat them.

So, if you’ve ever wondered what a ‘vitamin B12 complex’ actually is, look no further! Denise Mortimore has all the answers.

About the Author

Denise Mortimore is a nutritional therapist who lectures, teaches adult education courses and runs a thriving nutritional therapy practice. She is also scientific advisor and university liaison officer to the Society for the Promotion of Nutritional Therapy in the UK. Denise is a registered member of the British Association of Nutritional Therapists.